[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-406532-105":59,"doc-detail-406532-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","cancer-management-from-a-chronic-gastrointestinal-function-perspective","Cancer management from a chronic gastrointestinal function perspective","","Bowel dysfunction in cancer presents major challenges for clinicians and patients, particularly as improved survival increases the relevance of gastrointestinal symptoms to daily functioning and well-being. This review summarizes common gastrointestinal complaints in people with cancer, explains underlying mechanisms, and outlines management principles and current treatment options. It focuses on constipation and diarrhea, describes medication- and neurogenic-related pathways, and emphasizes individualized bowel programmes plus proactive prevention strategies.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/cancer-management-from-a-chronic-gastrointestinal-function-perspective/406532/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/cancer-management-from-a-chronic-gastrointestinal-function-perspective/406532.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Mafia Boss","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-09-28",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":34},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"Why is bowel dysfunction increasingly important in cancer care?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Cancer survival has improved, so more patients live longer with disease and treatment consequences. Gastrointestinal symptoms increasingly affect quality of life, making bowel dysfunction a more important clinical consideration.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What are the main causes of constipation in advanced cancer?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Constipation is commonly linked to medication effects, especially opioids, as well as neurogenic, metabolic, and anatomical factors. These causes can coexist and require mechanism-informed management.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How should constipation in cancer be managed?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Management centers on an individualised bowel programme targeting the specific cause. Treatment typically combines lifestyle and general measures with targeted therapies, prevention through monitoring using PROMs, and use of options such as biofeedback when appropriate.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},406532,1791241750,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":34,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":19,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":52,"preview_page_count":4},962090760730,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_9964176cb1d06d4a9deccf72a44ae3dc","ABSTRACT  \nClinical Medicine 2023 Vol 23, No 6: 545–8 CME SPECIAL: GASTROENTEROLOGY  \nCancer management from a chronic gastrointestinal function perspective  \nAuthors: Alison Wallace,A Charlotte Phillips-Clarke, B Seth PeirisB and Kumaran ThiruppathyC  \nBowel dysfunction in cancer is a significant and challenging issue for both clinicians and patients. As cancer survival improves, the impact of gastrointestinal symptoms on quality of life is of ever-increasing relevance. This review aims to provide an overview of the common gastrointestinal complaints seen in cancer sufferers and discuss the principles of management and up to date treatment options available.  \nIntroduction  \nAs survival of patients with cancer improves, attention has necessarily turned to improving quality of life for patients living with cancer. In the last 40 years, all-type cancer 5-year survival in the UK has increased from 50% to 70% .1 This improvement in outcomes means more patients than ever before are living, and living longer, with the consequences both of their disease and of the treatments they receive. This review will discuss the causes of bowel dysfunction in patients living with cancer and explore their management options.  \nUp to 58% of patients with advanced cancer will experience constipation during their illness, but many will also suffer symptoms such as abdominal bloating, pain, diarrhoea, vomiting and obstruction. 2,3 The causes for these symptoms are multifaceted and often co-exist. Understanding the processes behind these symptoms is key to providing effective targeted interventions for patients.  \nConstipation  \nConstipation is the most commonly occurring GI symptom reported in patients with advanced cancer and can lead to further symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, haemorrhoids and anal fissures, with a subsequent deterioration in performance status and quality of life.4–6 The causes of constipation can be categorised as medication-related, neurogenic (upper (UMN) or lower (LMN) motor neuron), metabolic (hypercalcaemia, uraemia, hypokalaemia etc), anatomical (stricture, compression), or related to lifestyle factors.5  \nAuthors: Ageneral surgery specialty trainee, Royal Berkshire Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Reading, UK; Bfoundation trainee, Royal Berkshire Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Reading, UK; Cconsultant colorectal surgeon, Royal Berkshire Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Reading, UK, and Henley Business School, Reading University, Reading, UK  \nMedication-related constipation  \nThe commonest cause of constipation in patients with cancer is related to analgesia, and in particular opioids. 7,8 Opioids simultaneously disrupt multiple stages of bowel function: they delay gastric emptying, decrease peristalsis, increase sphincter tone, increase absorption and reduce enterocyte secretion.9 It is therefore unsurprising that constipation occurs in a reported 59% of cancer patients receiving opioid analgesia.7 Other examples of medications known to detrimentally effect bowel function in cancer are chemotherapy agents and anticholinergics. 5,10  \nNeurological constipation  \nNeurogenic constipation can be caused either by the cancer itself (eg primary spinal tumours or metastases), or by cancer therapies such as chemo-and radiotherapy. UMN neurogenic bowel is characterised by colon spasticity, increased segmental peristalsis with decreased propulsive peristalsis leading to prolonged colon transit time.5,11–13  \n\n| Key points |\n| --- |\n| Developments in cancer therapy are leading to both extended survival and increased gastrointestinal complications of that therapy, meaning that bowel dysfunction is an increasingly important consideration.\u003Cbr>Treatment plans should be individualised to the patient and tailored to the aetiology of their bowel dysfunction. Constipation is most often related to drug therapy rather than mechanical disturbance post cancer therapy; clinicians should seek to prevent constipation where possible through judicious","cbCaio3fB28ipoOo","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaio3fB28ipoOo","pdf",134524,"English","# Introduction\n# Constipation\n## Medication-related constipation\n## Neurological constipation\n# Management\n# Key points","[{\"question\":\"Why is bowel dysfunction increasingly important in cancer care?\",\"answer\":\"Cancer survival has improved, so more patients live longer with disease and treatment consequences. Gastrointestinal symptoms increasingly affect quality of life, making bowel dysfunction a more important clinical consideration.\"},{\"question\":\"What are the main causes of constipation in advanced cancer?\",\"answer\":\"Constipation is commonly linked to medication effects, especially opioids, as well as neurogenic, metabolic, and anatomical factors. These causes can coexist and require mechanism-informed management.\"},{\"question\":\"How should constipation in cancer be managed?\",\"answer\":\"Management centers on an individualised bowel programme targeting the specific cause. Treatment typically combines lifestyle and general measures with targeted therapies, prevention through monitoring using PROMs, and use of options such as biofeedback when appropriate.\"}]","Cancer management from a chronic gastrointestinal function perspective | PDF",1790566252]