[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-seo-349602-105":3,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":80,"doc-detail-349602-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"ok",{"site_id":7,"language":8,"slug":9,"title":10,"keywords":11,"description":12,"schema_data":13,"social_meta":73,"head_meta":75,"extra_data":77,"updated_unix":79},105,"en","cancer-associated-fusion-transcripts-mechanisms-functional-roles-and-clinical-implications","Cancer-associated fusion transcripts: mechanisms, functional roles, and clinical implications","","Fusion transcripts are hybrid RNA molecules formed by genomic rearrangements or RNA-level fusion mechanisms. They are widespread in both hematologic malignancies and solid tumors, where they can act as oncogenic drivers, diagnostic biomarkers, prognostic indicators, and therapeutic targets. This review consolidates mechanisms of their biogenesis, including rearrangement-dependent and independent pathways and fusion circular RNAs. It also covers diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive value alongside emerging detection and characterization strategies, emphasizing next-generation and long-read sequencing, single-cell methods, AI-assisted computation, and CRISPR/Cas9 functional modeling. Despite rapid catalog expansion, clinical actionability remains incompletely defined. Future progress will rely on integrating advanced sequencing with AI prioritization and systematic functional validation to distinguish actionable events and support precision oncology, enabling improved cancer diagnosis, patient stratification, and targeted therapy.",{"@graph":14,"@context":72},[15,34,55],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/","Research & Report",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/cancer-associated-fusion-transcripts-mechanisms-functional-roles-and-clinical-implications/349602/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/cancer-associated-fusion-transcripts-mechanisms-functional-roles-and-clinical-implications/349602.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"anakgang17","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-09-23","2026-09-22",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":22},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",{"@type":56,"mainEntity":57},"FAQPage",[58,64,68],{"name":59,"@type":60,"acceptedAnswer":61},"What are fusion transcripts and how are they generated?","Question",{"text":62,"@type":63},"Fusion transcripts are hybrid RNA molecules produced through genomic rearrangements or RNA-level fusion mechanisms. They can arise through distinct biogenesis pathways, including rearrangement-dependent and rearrangement-independent processes.","Answer",{"name":65,"@type":60,"acceptedAnswer":66},"Why do fusion transcripts matter in cancer?",{"text":67,"@type":63},"They can function as oncogenic drivers and also serve as diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic targets. Many fusion events are linked to specific cancers across hematologic and solid tumor types.",{"name":69,"@type":60,"acceptedAnswer":70},"How are fusion transcripts detected and characterized in recent research?",{"text":71,"@type":63},"Detection and characterization leverage approaches such as next-generation sequencing, long-read sequencing, and single-cell methods. The review also highlights AI-assisted computational workflows and CRISPR/Cas9 strategies for functional modeling and validation.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":74,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":76,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":78,"site_id":7},349602,1790198425,{"code":4,"msg":81,"data":82},"success",[83,87,91,95,100,105,110,114,119,122,126],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":84,"show_sort_weight":85,"slug":86},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":88,"show_sort_weight":89,"slug":90},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":92,"show_sort_weight":93,"slug":94},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":96,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":97,"show_sort_weight":98,"slug":99},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":101,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":102,"show_sort_weight":103,"slug":104},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":106,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":107,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":111,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":112,"slug":113},8,30,"research-report",{"id":115,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":116,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":118},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":117,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":120,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":121},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":123,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":124,"show_sort_weight":123,"slug":125},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":127,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":128,"show_sort_weight":96,"slug":129},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":81,"data":131},{"doc_id":78,"user_id":132,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":111,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":22,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},962090883568,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_a8503ba1806abce46bf441b54a3ca4cd","Clinical and Experimental Medicine (2026) 26:312  \n[https://doi.org/10.1007/s10238-026-02303-3](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10238-026-02303-3)  \nREVIEW  \nCancer-associated fusion transcripts: mechanisms, functional roles, and clinical implications  \nMd Faruq Hossain1  \nReceived: 15 June 2026 / Accepted: 20 August 2026 © The Author(s) 2026  \nAbstract  \nFusion transcripts are hybrid RNA molecules generated through genomic rearrangements or RNA-level fusion mechanisms. They represent important molecular features of many cancers and can function as oncogenic drivers, diagnostic biomarkers, prognostic indicators, and therapeutic targets. Since the discovery of the BCR::ABL1 fusion in chronic myeloid leukemia, numerous cancer-associated fusion transcripts have been identified across hematologic malignancies and solid tumors. These fusion events encompass diverse biological mechanisms, including constitutively active kinases, aberrant transcription factors, epigenetic regulators, and non-coding fusion RNAs. This review summarizes current knowledge of the mechanisms underlying fusion transcript formation, including genomic rearrangement-dependent and rearrangementindependent processes, as well as fusion circular RNAs. The functional roles of fusion transcripts in cancer biology and their clinical relevance as diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive biomarkers are discussed. In addition, recent advances infusion transcript detection and characterization are reviewed, including next-generation sequencing, long-read sequencing, single-cell approaches, artificial intelligence-assisted computational methods, and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated strategies for functional modeling and functional validation of fusion transcripts. Despite the rapid expansion of fusion transcript catalogs, the biological and clinical significance of most identified fusion events remains incompletely understood. Future progress will depend on integrating advanced sequencing technologies, artificial intelligence-assisted computational prioritization, and systematic functional validation to distinguish clinically actionable fusion transcripts from biologically neutral events. Such multidisciplinary approaches will be essential for translating fusion transcript research into precision oncology and improving cancer diagnosis, patient stratification, and targeted therapy.  \nKeywords Fusion transcripts · Cancer biomarkers · Chromosomal rearrangements · Artificial intelligence · CRISPR/ Cas9 · Precision oncology  \nAbbreviations  \nAAV Adeno-associated virus  \nACC Adenoid cystic carcinoma  \nAEL acute erythroid leukemia  \nAFH Angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma  \nAI Artificial intelligence  \nALCL Anaplastic large cell lymphoma ALK Anaplastic lymphoma kinase  \n Md Faruq Hossain [faruqhossain.de@gmail.com](faruqhossain.de@gmail.com)  \n1 Human Molecular Genetics Group, Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany  \nALL  \nAMbL  \nAMKL  \nAML  \nAMP  \nAPL  \nARMS  \nATO  \nATRA  \nB-ALL  \nBC  \nBL  \nCC  \nCCS  \nCCSLGT  \nAcute lymphoblastic leukemia  \nAcute megakaryoblastic leukemia  \nAcute megakaryocytic leukemia  \nAcute myeloid leukemia Anchored multiplex PCR Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma Arsenic trioxide  \nAll-trans retinoic acid  \nPrecursor B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia Breast Cancer  \nBurkitt Lymphoma Colon Cancer Clear cell Sarcoma  \nClear cell sarcoma-like tumor of the gastrointestinal tract  \nCFS  \nCGC  \nCML  \nCRC CRISPR  \nCXPAddPCR  \nDLBCL  \nEA  \nEFS  \nERMS  \nESS  \nETP-ALL  \nf-circRNA  \nFISH  \nFL-HCC  \nFT  \nGA  \nGC  \nHG-ESS  \nHL  \nHLA  \niPSC  \nLA  \nLC  \nLG-ESS  \nLLM  \nMASC  \nMC  \nMM  \nMPN  \nNC  \nNGS  \nNHL  \nNSCLC  \nOC  \nOS  \nPA  \nPC  \nPPA  \nPPMSPROTACPTC  \nRMS RNA-seq RT-PCR  \nSBCscRNA-seq SS  \nCongenital fibrosarcoma Cholangiocarcinoma Chronic myeloid leukemia Colorectal cancer  \nClustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats  \nCarcinoma ex-pleomorphic ","cbCaivXLyqrecY7O","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaivXLyqrecY7O","pdf",1996618,26,"English","# Abstract\n# Keywords and Abbreviations\n## Introduction\n# Fusion Transcript Mechanisms, Functions, and Clinical Implications","[{\"question\":\"What are fusion transcripts and how are they generated?\",\"answer\":\"Fusion transcripts are hybrid RNA molecules produced through genomic rearrangements or RNA-level fusion mechanisms. They can arise through distinct biogenesis pathways, including rearrangement-dependent and rearrangement-independent processes.\"},{\"question\":\"Why do fusion transcripts matter in cancer?\",\"answer\":\"They can function as oncogenic drivers and also serve as diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic targets. Many fusion events are linked to specific cancers across hematologic and solid tumor types.\"},{\"question\":\"How are fusion transcripts detected and characterized in recent research?\",\"answer\":\"Detection and characterization leverage approaches such as next-generation sequencing, long-read sequencing, and single-cell methods. The review also highlights AI-assisted computational workflows and CRISPR/Cas9 strategies for functional modeling and validation.\"}]","Cancer-associated fusion transcripts: mechanisms, functional roles, and clinical implications | PDF",1790084471,66]