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Madalina Chesoi and Eleni Kachulis  \nResearch and Education  \nAUTHORSHIP  \n30 January 2025 Madalina Chesoi International Affairs and Integrated  \nReference Services  \nEleni Kachulis Legal, Social and Indigenous Affairs  \n14 August 2020 Madalina Chesoi Legal, Social and Indigenous Affairs  \nEleni Kachulis Legal, Social and Indigenous Affairs  \nABOUT THIS PUBLICATION  \nLibrary of Parliament HillStudies provide in-depth studies of policy issues. They feature historical background, current information and references, and often anticipate the emergence of the issues they examine. They are prepared by Research and Education, which carries out research for and provides information and analysis to parliamentarians, Senate and House of Commons committeesand parliamentary associations in an objective, impartial manner.  \n© Library of Parliament, Ottawa, Canada, 2025  \nCanadian Citizenship: Practice and Policy (HillStudies)  \nPublication No. 2020-64-E  \nCe document est également publié en français.  \nCONTENTS  \nEXECUTIVE SUMMARY  \n1 INTRODUCTION.....................................................................................................................1  \n2 KEY INSTITUTIONS AND INSTRUMENTS............................................................................1  \n2.1 Legal Framework ....................................................................................................................2  \n2.2 Policies, Procedures and Operational Guidelines ...................................................................2  \n2.3 Citizenship Commission ..........................................................................................................3  \n3 CITIZENSHIP PROCESS .......................................................................................................3  \n3.1 Applying for Citizenship...........................................................................................................3  \n3.2 Citizenship Fees......................................................................................................................3  \n3.3 Citizenship Test and Interview ................................................................................................5  \n3.3.1 Amendments to the Citizenship Study Guide ..........................................................................5  \n3.4 Citizenship Ceremony and Oath or Affirmation of Citizenship.................................................6  \n4 CURRENT ISSUES AND POLICY CONSIDERATIONS.........................................................7  \n4.1 Citizenship Rate ......................................................................................................................7  \n4.1.1 Citizenship Determinants ........................................................................................................8  \n4.1.2 Policy and Operational Changes .............................................................................................9  \n4.2 Loss of Citizenship ................................................................................................................ 10  \n4.2.1 Lost Canadians ..................................................................................................................... 10  \n4.2.1.1 Developments During the 44th Parliament.............................................................................13  \n4.3 Birth in Canada to Foreign Nationals ....................................................................................15  \n5 CONCLUSION ......................................................................................................................18  \nEXECUTIVE SUMMARY  \nCanadian citizenship can be obtained through birth on Canadian soil, by descent through birth or adoption outside of Canada to a Canadian citizen, or through naturalization (the process by which citizenship is","cbCaisOrCeBBPqDv","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaisOrCeBBPqDv","pdf",730529,31,"English","# Executive Summary\n# Introduction\n# Key Institutions and Instruments\n## Legal Framework\n## Policies, Procedures and Operational Guidelines\n## Citizenship Commission\n# Citizenship Process\n## Applying for Citizenship\n## Citizenship Fees\n## Citizenship Test and Interview\n## Amendments to the Citizenship Study Guide\n## Citizenship Ceremony and Oath or Affirmation of Citizenship\n# Current Issues and Policy Considerations\n## Citizenship Rate\n## Citizenship Determinants\n## Policy and Operational Changes\n## Loss of Citizenship\n## Lost Canadians\n## Developments During the 44th Parliament\n## Birth in Canada to Foreign Nationals\n# Conclusion","[{\"question\":\"How can someone become a Canadian citizen?\",\"answer\":\"Canadian citizenship may be obtained through birth in Canada, descent through a Canadian citizen (including adoption outside Canada), or naturalization.\"},{\"question\":\"What steps are required for naturalization?\",\"answer\":\"Applicants first obtain permanent residency, then apply after meeting residency and other requirements, complete the written test based on the official study guide, attend an interview, and attend a citizenship ceremony to take the Oath or Affirmation.\"},{\"question\":\"Under what circumstances can citizenship be lost?\",\"answer\":\"Citizenship can be revoked in cases such as obtaining or retaining citizenship through false representation, or it can be renounced voluntarily in situations like choosing another country’s citizenship that does not allow dual citizenship.\"}]","Canadian Citizenship: Practice and Policy - Publication No. 2020-64-E - Revised 30 January 2025 | PDF",78]