[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-139268-105":59,"doc-detail-139268-en":131},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":124,"head_meta":126,"extra_data":128,"updated_unix":130},105,"en","can-natural-laws-create-our-universe","Can Natural Laws Create Our Universe?","","Arguments in favor of Stephen Hawking and modern astrophysics claim that natural laws can account for the universe’s origin and apparent fine-tuning. The article challenges this view by separating what science can do from what it cannot: science may describe evolution and provide predictive frameworks, yet it does not explain why the universe exists. It contrasts deterministic scientific laws with quantum indeterminacy and concludes that questions of beginning and fine-tuning require disciplines such as religion or theology.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":45,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/religion-spirituality/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/can-natural-laws-create-our-universe/139268/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/can-natural-laws-create-our-universe/139268.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Connor ","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-08","2026-08-23",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",12,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What does the article argue about natural laws creating the universe?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"It argues that natural laws and science cannot create or explain the universe in a way that answers why it exists.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"How does the article describe what science can explain?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"Scientific laws can illustrate how the universe evolves and enable predictions based on initial conditions, but they do not explain the ultimate reason for existence.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"Why does the article say the problem is not solved by modern physics?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"It points out that deterministic laws do not straightforwardly combine with quantum indeterminacy, and it treats the universe’s beginning and fine-tuning as issues needing non-scientific disciplines such as religion or theology.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},139268,1787517138,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":44,"category_name":45,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":24,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":130,"read_time":144},687207022233,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d","Article  \nCan Natural Laws Create Our Universe?  \nMan Ho Chan  \nStephen Hawking suggests that our universe can be created by natural laws without any supernatural explanation. In this article, I argue that it is not possible for natural laws or science to create our universe. Science can only illustrate how the universe evolves; it cannot explain why our universe exists. The existence of our universe can be addressed only by other disciplines such as religion or theology.  \nModern astrophysics indicates  \nthat our universe has a begin  \nning. We are living in a universe which was created 13 billion years ago.1 A philosophical problem associated with this issue is why the universe comes into existence. A related issue is that the laws and parameters of our universe seem to be “fine-tuned” so that life can exist.2 Can these provide the evidence to prove the existence of God?  \nIn The Grand Design, Stephen Hawking and Leonard Mlodinow announced that modern science has found a way to address the problem of the beginning of the universe.3 They deny that the existence of God should be taken into account and claim that the theories of gravitation and quantum mechanics are enough to provide a clear picture of how the universe begins. They suggest that our universe may not necessarily have a beginning, and suppose that the beginning of the universe was like the South Pole of Earth, with degrees of latitude playing the role of time. As one moves north, the circles of constant latitude, representing the size of the universe, would expand. The universe would start as a point at the South Pole. However, the South Pole is much like any other point. Technically speaking, Hawking and Mlodinow suggest that time at the very beginning is an imaginary number  \n(e.g., i2 = 􀀂1) rather than a real number, so that “t = 0” does not exist.4 Therefore, our universe can be considered to have no boundary in space and time.5  \nMoreover, natural laws allow nearly infinitely many universes to exist, and they can explain why our universe seems to be fine tuned.6 The extrapolation of string theory and inflation theory can provide a theoretical framework for the existence of nearly infinitely many universes. According to string theory, a particular Calabi-Yau manifold may represent a particular set of fundamental constants in nature. Mathematical estimation shows that there are 10500 possible types of Calabi-Yau manifold, and that the number of possible types should be finite.7 In other words, if there really are many universes, and each universe is characterized by a particular Calabi-Yau manifold, there would be about 10500 possible universes existing in nature.8 Hawking and Mlodinow suggest that all universes could be generated through this mechanism, and so we should not be surprised that our  \nMan Ho Chan graduated from the Chinese University of Hong Kong in 2002. Later, he obtained his master’s and doctoral degrees in physics in 2004 and 2009, respectively; Master of Arts in Christian studies in 2010; and postgraduate diploma in education in 2012 from the same university. Chan is now a lecturer in the physics department of the Chinese University of Hong Kong. His research interests include astrophysics, philosophy of science, and dialogue in science and religion.  \nVolume 66, Number 1, March 2014 35  \nArticle  \nCan Natural Laws Create Our Universe?  \nuniverse is fine tuned. Since there are so many universes with different fundamental constants, it is highly probable that the right set of fundamental constants that are life permitting will occur.  \nIn this article, I claim that the problems of the beginning of the universe and its fine-tuning can never be explained by natural laws. These problems can be solved only with the help of other areas or disciplines, such as religion and theology.  \nWhat Can Science Explain? Generally speaking, scientific laws are a set of laws that describe nature. Most of them are based on empirical studies, such as experiments ","cbCaib0nlfKOK0E2","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaib0nlfKOK0E2","pdf",168704,"English","# Can Natural Laws Create Our Universe?\n## Science’s limits in explaining existence\n## The beginning of the universe and fine-tuning\n## Deterministic laws versus quantum indeterminacy","[{\"question\":\"What does the article argue about natural laws creating the universe?\",\"answer\":\"It argues that natural laws and science cannot create or explain the universe in a way that answers why it exists.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the article describe what science can explain?\",\"answer\":\"Scientific laws can illustrate how the universe evolves and enable predictions based on initial conditions, but they do not explain the ultimate reason for existence.\"},{\"question\":\"Why does the article say the problem is not solved by modern physics?\",\"answer\":\"It points out that deterministic laws do not straightforwardly combine with quantum indeterminacy, and it treats the universe’s beginning and fine-tuning as issues needing non-scientific disciplines such as religion or theology.\"}]","Can Natural Laws Create Our Universe? | PDF",13]