[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-119432-en":3,"doc-seo-119432-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":91},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":4,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":20,"is_downloadable":20,"audit_status":20,"page_count":21,"language":22,"language_code":23,"site_id":24,"html_lang":23,"table_of_contents":25,"faqs":26,"seo_title":27,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},119432,2336464648746,"Skyler","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c",8,"Research & Report","Can Machine Learning Help Reveal the Competitive Advantage of Elite Beach Volleyball Players","As competitive sports adopt data-driven techniques, the study investigates whether machine learning can distinguish elite from semi-elite beach volleyball players. The work targets subtle movement differences that support high-level performance, analyzing torso motion during spikes captured by vest-mounted accelerometers. Advanced ML models are trained on specific movement patterns to identify features characteristic of higher skill levels. A key result classifies spiking movements across skill levels with up to 87% accuracy, providing a basis for separating elite players from semi-elite counterparts.","Can machine learning help reveal the competitive advantage of elite  \nbeach volleyball players?  \nOla Thorsen 1 , Emmanuel Esema2 , Said Hemaz3 ,  \nKai Olav Ellefsen4 , Henrik Herrebrøden5 , Hugh Alexander von Arnim6 , and Jim Torresen7  \nAbstract—As the world of competitive sports increasingly embraces data-driven techniques, our research explores the potential of machine learning in distinguishing elite from semielite beach volleyball players. This study is motivated by the need to understand the subtle yet crucial differences in player movements that contribute to high-level performance in beach volleyball. Utilizing advanced machine learning techniques, we analyzed specific movement patterns of the motion of the torso during spikes, captured through vest-mounted accelerometers. Our approach offers novel insights into the nuanced dynamics of elite play, revealing that certain movement patterns are distinctly characteristic of higher skill levels. One of our key contributions is the ability to classify spiking movements at different skill levels with an accuracy rate as high as 87 % . This current research provides a foundation of what separates elite players from their semi-elite counterparts.  \nI. INTRODUCTION  \nWith the fast-paced evolution of sports analytics, using Artificial intelligence (AI) to accurately predict rally outcomesin beach volleyball can aid in developing strategies and enhance performance. AI-assisted analytics has the potential to reduce the workload of analysts and provide real-time, actionable insights for coaches and players. In beach volleyball, as in other sports, athletes display a rich diversity in physique, technique, and performance, shaping their unique approaches to the game.  \nSuch variances present challenges when comparing and contrasting performances across athletes. The fluidity and versatility seen in beach volleyball mean that a single player might approach the same task differently at different times. One serve might be powerful and direct, while another could be deceptive and well-paced. This complexity, when coupled with the inherent differences between individual players, makes it difficult to draw straightforward correlations between technique and success. Variability underpins  \n*This work is supported by the Research Council of Norway through its Centres of Excellence scheme, project number: 262762  \n1 O. Thorsen is with the Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway [olathor@ifi.uio.no](olathor@ifi.uio.no)  \n2E. Esema is with the Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway [emmanuje@ifi.uio.no](emmanuje@ifi.uio.no)  \n3 S. Hemaz is with the Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway [saidhem@ifi.uio.no](saidhem@ifi.uio.no)  \n4 K. O. Ellefsen is with the Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway [kaiolae@ifi.uio.no](kaiolae@ifi.uio.no)  \n5H. Herrebrøden is with the School of Health Sciences, Kristiania University College, Oslo, Norway [henrik.herrebroden@kristiania.no](henrik.herrebroden@kristiania.no)  \n6H. A. von Arnim is with RITMO, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway [hughav@imv.uio.no](hughav@imv.uio.no)  \n7J. Tørresen is with the Department of Informatics and RITMO, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway [jimtoer@ifi.uio.no](jimtoer@ifi.uio.no)  \nindividual differences in motor control strategies and is vital for optimizing training methods [1]  \nHowever, developments in machine learning (ML) provide us with tools to gain insight into these nuances. Since early applications in sports during the late 20th century, ML-based analysis techniques have grown in sophistication and potential applicability. Yet, their penetration into certain sports such as beach volleyball remains nascent. Our work on the other hand represents the opposite [2] . Like less broadly popular sports such as table tennis and water polo, beach volleyball lacks significant attention from the betting market. As this market contributes to the drive t","cbCaieNNwvGG66q2","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaieNNwvGG66q2","pdf",1357077,1,10,"English","en",105,"# Introduction\n## Related Work","[{\"question\":\"What does the research aim to determine about beach volleyball players?\",\"answer\":\"The study aims to determine whether machine learning can distinguish elite players from semi-elite beach volleyball players using movement data.\"},{\"question\":\"How is the movement data collected and what motion is analyzed?\",\"answer\":\"Torso motion during spikes is captured through vest-mounted accelerometers, and specific movement patterns are analyzed by ML methods.\"},{\"question\":\"What level of classification accuracy is reported for spiking movements?\",\"answer\":\"The trained approach classifies spiking movements at different skill levels with accuracy rates as high as 87%.\"}]","Can Machine Learning Help Reveal the Competitive Advantage of Elite Beach Volleyball Players | PDF",1785724260,25,{"code":4,"msg":31,"data":32},"ok",{"site_id":24,"language":23,"slug":33,"title":13,"keywords":34,"description":14,"schema_data":35,"social_meta":86,"head_meta":88,"extra_data":90,"updated_unix":28},"can-machine-learning-help-reveal-the-competitive-advantage-of-elite-beach-volleyball-players","",{"@graph":36,"@context":85},[37,54,68],{"@type":38,"itemListElement":39},"BreadcrumbList",[40,44,48,51],{"item":41,"name":42,"@type":43,"position":20},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":45,"name":46,"@type":43,"position":47},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":49,"name":12,"@type":43,"position":50},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":52,"name":13,"@type":43,"position":53},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/can-machine-learning-help-reveal-the-competitive-advantage-of-elite-beach-volleyball-players/119432/",4,{"url":52,"name":13,"@type":55,"author":56,"headline":13,"publisher":58,"fileFormat":61,"inLanguage":23,"description":14,"dateModified":62,"datePublished":62,"encodingFormat":61,"isAccessibleForFree":63,"interactionStatistic":64},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":57},"Person",{"url":41,"name":59,"@type":60},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-08-03",true,{"@type":65,"interactionType":66,"userInteractionCount":4},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":67},"ViewAction",{"@type":69,"mainEntity":70},"FAQPage",[71,77,81],{"name":72,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":74},"What does the research aim to determine about beach volleyball players?","Question",{"text":75,"@type":76},"The study aims to determine whether machine learning can distinguish elite players from semi-elite beach volleyball players using movement data.","Answer",{"name":78,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":79},"How is the movement data collected and what motion is analyzed?",{"text":80,"@type":76},"Torso motion during spikes is captured through vest-mounted accelerometers, and specific movement patterns are analyzed by ML methods.",{"name":82,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":83},"What level of classification accuracy is reported for spiking movements?",{"text":84,"@type":76},"The trained approach classifies spiking movements at different skill levels with accuracy rates as high as 87%.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":52,"og:type":87,"og:title":13,"og:site_name":59,"og:description":14},"article",{"robots":89,"canonical":52},"index,follow",{"doc_id":7,"site_id":24},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":92},[93,97,101,105,110,115,120,123,128,131,134],{"id":20,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":94,"show_sort_weight":95,"slug":96},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":47,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":53,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":102,"show_sort_weight":103,"slug":104},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":106,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":107,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":111,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":112,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":114},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":116,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":117,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":119},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":11,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":12,"show_sort_weight":121,"slug":122},30,"research-report",{"id":124,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":125,"show_sort_weight":126,"slug":127},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":126,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":129,"show_sort_weight":126,"slug":130},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":21,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":132,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":133},"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":135,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":136,"show_sort_weight":106,"slug":137},19,"General","general"]