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The paper synthesizes achievements across selected pathways and identifies areas requiring further action to support economic competitiveness, diversification, and investment. It outlines pathway-specific results and key messages, including reforms targeting business environment costs, public and private infrastructure investment, financial-sector regulation, and agricultural modernization after commodity-price shifts.","Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized  \nCAMBODIA  \nSecond-generation Systematic Country Diagnostic Update (SCD-2 Update)  \nBackground Paper  \nNov 2023  \nStandard Disclaimer:  \nThis volume is a product of the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper do not necessarily reflect the views of the Executive Directors of The World Bank or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries.  \nCopyright Statement:  \nThe material in this publication is copyrighted. Copying and/or transmitting portions or all of this work without permission may be a violation of applicable law. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank encourages dissemination of its work and will normally grant permission to reproduce portions of the work promptly. For permission to photocopy or reprint any part of this work, please send a request with complete information to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA, telephone 978-750-8400, fax 978-750-4470, [http://www.copyright.com/. All other queries on](http://www.copyright.com/. All other queries on) rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to the Office of the Publisher, The World Bank, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA, fax 202-522-2422, [e-mail: pubrights@worldbank.org](e-mail: pubrights@worldbank.org).  \nAcknowledgement:  \nThe team would like to acknowledge and thank all those who provided input to this analysis. The lead authors are Faya Hayati (Senior Economist and Task Team Leader, EEAM1), Wendy Karamba (Economist and Task Team Leader, EEAPV) and Ha Thu Nguyen (Economist and Task Team Leader, CAPCE) .  \nThe team included Hassan Noura (Consultant, EEAM2), Aka Kyaw Min Maw (Consultant, EEAM2), Kimsun Tong (EEAPV), Giorgia Demarchi (Senior Social Development Specialist, SEAS1), Sama Khan (ET Consultant, SEAS1), Sadig Aliyev (Infrastructure Program Leader, IEADR) Chanin Manopiniwes (Senior Transport Economist, IEAT1), Veasna Bun (Senior Infrastructure Specialist, IEAT1), Bowen Wang (Transport Specialist, IEAT1), Sodeth Ly (Senior Economist, EEAM1), Cordula Rastogi (Senior Economist, ETIRI), Satya Prasad Sahu (Senior Trade Facilitation Specialist, ETIRI), Shinya Nishimura (Senior Financial Specialist, IEAE1) Ximing Peng (Senior Energy Specialist, IEAE1), Rutu Dave (Senior Energy Specialist, IEEES), Siou Chew Kuek (Senior Digital Development Specialist, IDD05), Weijing Ye (Digital Development Consultant), Sokbunthoeun So (Senior Public Sector Specialist, EEAG1), Serdar Yilmaz (Practice Manager EEAG1), Rath Daravuth Sithy (Public Sector Specialist, EEAG1), Ildrim Valley (Public Sector Specialist, EEAG1), Mark Giblett (Senior Infrastructure Finance Specialist, IPGPP), Paul Jacob Robyn (Senior Health Specialist), Sandra Baquie (Young Professional, SEAE2), Katelijn Van den Berg (Senior Environmental Specialist, SEAE2), Mizushi Satoh (Environmental Specialist, SEAE2), Daniel Mira-Salama (Lead Environmental Specialist, SEAE2), Muthukumara Mani (Lead Environmental Economist, SEAE2), Katherine Stapleton (Economist, EEAM1), Andre A. Bald (Lead Urban Specialist, SEAU1), Phyrum Kov (Senior Water Supply and Sanitation Specialist, SEAW1), Virak Chan (Senior Water Resources Management Specialist, SEAW1), Vica Rosario Bogaerts (Senior Disaster Risk Management Specialist, SEAU1), and Sagita Muco (Senior Private Sector Specialist, ETIIC), Shawn W. Tan (Senior Economist, CAPCE), Kamal Muhammad (Consultant, EEAM2), Dourng Kakada (Operations Officer, CEAA1), Phally Puth (Investment Officer, C","cbCairOLM1p6S8YW","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCairOLM1p6S8YW","pdf",3789659,1,65,"English","en",105,"# Chapter 1. Introduction\n# Chapter 2. 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