[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-437823-105":59,"doc-detail-437823-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","caffeine-alleviates-oxidative-damage-of-retinal-pigment-epithelium-cells","Caffeine Alleviates Oxidative Damage of Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cells","","Study explores caffeine’s protective effect against oxidative damage in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells and NaIO3-induced retinal degeneration. Oxidative injury was induced in ARPE-19 cells using H2O2; cell viability, apoptosis, DNA fragmentation, DNA damage signaling (γ-H2AX), senescence and apoptosis-related proteins (BAX, BCL2, p21) were assessed, along with transcriptome profiling via RNA-seq. In vivo, chronic caffeine administration reduced oxidative injury in the RPE layer and improved retinal structure in NaIO3-treated mice.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/caffeine-alleviates-oxidative-damage-of-retinal-pigment-epithelium-cells/437823/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/caffeine-alleviates-oxidative-damage-of-retinal-pigment-epithelium-cells/437823.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Fans","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-09-30","2026-09-29",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":8},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"How does caffeine affect oxidative damage in ARPE-19 cells?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Caffeine significantly increases cell viability suppressed by H2O2 and reduces H2O2-induced DNA fragmentation and apoptosis in ARPE-19 cells, supported by CCK-8, TUNEL, and Annexin V/PI results.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Which assays and markers were used to evaluate damage and protective mechanisms?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Oxidative stress and damage were assessed using ROS- and MDA-related readouts, γ-H2AX for DNA damage, Western blot for apoptosis markers BAX and BCL2 and senescence marker p21, and immunofluorescence for γ-H2AX.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What do in vivo findings suggest about caffeine’s impact on retinal degeneration?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Chronic caffeine administration alleviated oxidative damage of the RPE layer and improved the structure of the entire retina in mice with NaIO3-induced retinal degeneration.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},437823,1790742463,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":8,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":41},5909892330395,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_6f874abed73319feea01a86fa6f0fab8","Wiley  \nJournal of Ophthalmology  \nVolume 2025, Article ID 6121757, 12 pages [https://doi.org/10.1155/joph/6121757](https://doi.org/10.1155/joph/6121757)  \nResearch Article  \nCaffeine Alleviates Oxidative Damage of Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cells  \nHaiyu Liu, 1,2 Wenwen Zhang, 1 Yucong Xiong,1,2 Meiling Yang, 1 Huirong Long, 1 Chaoju Gong , 1 and Suyan Li 1,3  \n1 Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Te Afliated Xuzhou Municipal Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University,  \nXuzhou First People’s Hospital, Eye Institute of Xuzhou, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China  \n2 Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China  \n3 Department of Ophthalmology, Te Afliated Xuzhou Municipal Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University,  \nXuzhou First People’s Hospital, Eye Institute of Xuzhou, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China  \nCorrespondence should be addressed to Chaoju Gong; [gongcj@zju.edu.cn and Suyan Li](gongcj@zju.edu.cn and Suyan Li); [lisuyan_med@163.com](lisuyan_med@163.com)  \nReceived 15 May 2025; Revised 19 November 2025; Accepted 8 December 2025  \nAcademic Editor: Monica L. Acosta  \nCopyright © 2025 Haiyu Liu et al. Journal of Ophthalmology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Tis is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.  \nPurpose: Te purpose of this study was to explore the protective efect of cafeine on oxidative damage of RPE cells and NaIO3-induced retinal degeneration.  \nMethods: H2O2 was used to induce the oxidative damage in ARPE-19 cells. Cell viability was measured by the CCK-8 assay. Te morphology ofARPE-19 cells was observed by optical microscope. Te apoptosis ofARPE-19 cells was analyzed by Annexin V/PI staining, and DNA fragmentation was detected using the TUNEL assay. Te protein levels of apoptosis markers BAX and BCL2 as well as senescence marker p21 were detected by Western blot. DNA damage was indicated by immunofuorescence staining of γ-H2AX and observed by fuorescence microscopy. Transcriptome profling ofARPE-19 cells was performed by RNA-seq. In vivo model of retinal oxidative damage was constructed by injecting NaIO3 into the tail vein of C57BL/6 mice. H&E staining was performed after removing the eyeballs.  \nResults: Te CCK-8 assay showed that cafeine could signifcantly increase the cell viability inhibited by 200 μM H2O2. Cafeine signifcantly reduced H2O2-induced DNA fragmentation and apoptosis in ARPE-19 cells, as demonstrated by the TUNEL assay and Annexin V/PI staining. Te results of Western blot showed that cafeine modulated key proteins associated with apoptosis by decreasing BAX and p21 levels while increasing BCL2 expression in H2O2-treated ARPE-19 cells, thereby suggesting its cytoprotective efects. In terms of mechanism, cafeine reduced the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) produced by H2O2. Cafeine treatment attenuated the accumulation of γ-H2AX, a marker of DNA damage, in ARPE-19 cells. Importantly, transcriptome profling revealed that cafeine might afect complement cascade and lipid metabolism in H2O2-treated ARPE-19 cells. Finally, in vivo experiment suggested that chronic administration of cafeine could alleviate oxidative damage of the RPE layer and improve the structure of the entire retina in mice with NaIO3-induced retinal degeneration. Conclusion: Cafeine can reduce oxidative damage of RPE cells and improve NaIO3-induced retinal degeneration.  \nKeywords: apoptosis; ARPE-19; cafeine; NaIO3; oxidative damage  \n1. Introduction  \nCafeine (1,3,7-trimethylxanthine), a major component of widely consumed beverages, such as cofee and tea, is one of the most frequently ingested psychoactive substances in the  \nworld [1] . Based on data published by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), the estimated mean daily cafeine intake among young adults is 37–319 mg [2] . Due to its high lipophilicity and molecular properties, caf","cbCaic6uZTl1bVCV","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaic6uZTl1bVCV","pdf",2482627,12,"English","# Introduction\n# Materials and Methods\n## In vitro models\n## In vivo model\n# Results\n## Cell viability and apoptosis\n## DNA damage and protein markers\n## Mechanistic insights from transcriptome\n# Conclusion","[{\"question\":\"How does caffeine affect oxidative damage in ARPE-19 cells?\",\"answer\":\"Caffeine significantly increases cell viability suppressed by H2O2 and reduces H2O2-induced DNA fragmentation and apoptosis in ARPE-19 cells, supported by CCK-8, TUNEL, and Annexin V/PI results.\"},{\"question\":\"Which assays and markers were used to evaluate damage and protective mechanisms?\",\"answer\":\"Oxidative stress and damage were assessed using ROS- and MDA-related readouts, γ-H2AX for DNA damage, Western blot for apoptosis markers BAX and BCL2 and senescence marker p21, and immunofluorescence for γ-H2AX.\"},{\"question\":\"What do in vivo findings suggest about caffeine’s impact on retinal degeneration?\",\"answer\":\"Chronic caffeine administration alleviated oxidative damage of the RPE layer and improved the structure of the entire retina in mice with NaIO3-induced retinal degeneration.\"}]","Caffeine Alleviates Oxidative Damage of Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cells | PDF",1790683320]