[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-443683-105":59,"doc-detail-443683-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","bushs-fringe-government","Bush's Fringe Government","","Bush's Fringe Government presents a sustained argument for the American separation of church and state as a foundational democratic safeguard for individual conscience. It frames religious neutrality as the means to protect citizens from governmental intrusion into inner life, while explaining how pluralism and interfaith encounters can renew and moderate religious absolutism. The discussion contrasts religious-political radicalism with Pope Benedict XVI’s rejection of violence, while situating these tensions within debates over religious freedom, pluralism, and political democracy.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":45,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/religion-spirituality/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/bushs-fringe-government/443683/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/bushs-fringe-government/443683.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Putri","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-15","2026-09-29",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":44},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"Why does the preface treat the separation of church and state as central to American democracy?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"It argues that separating church and state protects individual rights by keeping government religiously neutral, preventing intrusion into citizens’ inner life and conscience.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How does the text connect religious separation to pluralism and religious renewal?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"It claims that once churches withdraw from state power, religions confront each other and develop a practical moderation of absolutism, with pluralism becoming a valued expression of divine plurality.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What contrast does the preface draw between religious radicals and the Pope’s stance?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"It notes that some religious reactionaries oppose these democratic ideas, including through conflict framed as religious war, while contrasting this with Benedict XVI’s condemnation of what he calls the “dictatorship of relativism” and his broader rejection of violence.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},443683,1790911191,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":44,"category_name":45,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":44,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},962085571259,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_29158cc5080c5b710cf443261637dec0","GARRY WILLSFRINCEJCMENt573.2.U6W5452006GroveFACE BY JAMES CARROLLHall  \nGARRY WILLSBUSH'SFRINGEGOVERN-MENt  \nPREFACE BY JAMES CARROLL  \nas published in The New York Review of Books  \nNEW YORK REVIEW BOOKS,NEW YORK  \nTHIS IS A NEW YO RK REVIEW B00KPU BLISHED BY THE NEW YO RK REVIE W 0F B00KS  \nBUSH'S FRINGE GOVERNMENT  \nby Garry Will  \nCopyright ◎2006 by Garry WillsPreface copyright C2006 by James CarrollCopyright ◎2006 by NYREV,Inc.  \nAll rights reserved.  \nThis edition published in 2006 in the United States of America byThe New York Review of Books,1755 Broadway.New York,NY 10019www.nybooks.com  \nBook and cover design by Milton Glaser,Inc.  \nLibrary of Congress Catalogng-in-Publication Data  \nWills,Garry,1934-.  \nBush's fringe government/by Garry Wills;preface by James Carroll.p.cm.—(New York Review Books collections)SBN 13:978-1-59017-210-0(alkpaper)ISBN 10:1-59017-210-8(alk.paper)  \n1.Conservatism—United States.2.United States—Politics and government—2001.3.Religious right—United States.4.Catholic Church—Relations—Evangelicalism.5.Evangelicalism—Relations—Catholic Church.6.Christianityand politics—United States.I.Title.II.NewYork Review Books collection.  \nJC573.2.U6W5452006  \n322'.10973—dc22  \n2006015735  \nISBN-10:1-59017-210-8  \nISBN-13:978-1-59017-210-0  \nPrinted in the United States ofAmerica on acid-free paper.  \n13579108642  \nCONTENTS  \nPreface by lames Carroll.Fringe Covernment....15limmy Carter &the Culture of Death 49  \n# PREFACE\n\nTHE SEPARATION OF church and state is properly regarded as asacrosanct principle of American democracy.No mere nicetyof civil society,the idea goes to the root of politics in a freenation.In order for the rights of the individual to be protected,the right of individual conscience must be enshrined above all.Conscience is a matter of more than religion,but religion iscentrally concerned with conscience.Therefore the only way toassure that the consciences of citizens remain unburdened bygovernment is for government to remain religiously neutral.Agovernment which “makes no law respecting an establishmentof religion”is refraining,precisely,from imposition on theinner life of citizens.It is not that a society that keeps churchand state apart cares less about what makes for good religionthan,say,a theocracy,but quite the contrary.The separation isat the service of free conscience,which is the precondition ofany authentic assertion of faith.  \nNot surprisingly,the separation of religion and politics hasbeen as good for religion as for politics,and that shows in thevitality of diverse American faiths.Once the church,broadlydefined,was forced to withdraw from the exercise of statepower,its political independence became the source of anunexpected spiritual renewal.Religions in America confrontedother religions,each with its own set of absolute claims.  \nReligions also confronted the experience of those for whomhuman life is satisfactorily devoid of any religious claim.Overtime,religions in America underwent a practical process ofmitigating absolutism,even as the absolutes of revelationcontinued to be affirmed.For many,pluralism was no longerregarded as a kind of mindless relativism but as a manifesta-tion of the rich plurality of God's ways in the world.  \nEven that most absolute of religions,Roman Catholicism,was transformed in its understandings both of itself and ofother traditions by its encounter with America.Early in thetwentieth century,the Vatican condemned the heresy of\"Americanism,\"but by the Second Vatican Council(1962-1965),under the influence of American Catholics like JohnCourtney Murray SJ,it was embracing the American idea—especially the primacy of freely exercised conscience.TheVatican II declaration Dignitatis Humanae(\"On the Dignity ofthe Human Person”)was subtitled “On the Right of thePerson and of Communities to Social and Civil Freedomin Matters Religious.\"It does not take an expert on theInquisition to know what a revolution this was.Once RomanCatholicism found it possible to","cbCaiaWgIrWwXPlC","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiaWgIrWwXPlC","pdf",2924748,76,"English","# Preface\n## The separation of church and state\n## Conscience, neutrality, and pluralism\n## Catholicism and American religious freedom\n## Radical religious reactions and political conflict","[{\"question\":\"Why does the preface treat the separation of church and state as central to American democracy?\",\"answer\":\"It argues that separating church and state protects individual rights by keeping government religiously neutral, preventing intrusion into citizens’ inner life and conscience.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the text connect religious separation to pluralism and religious renewal?\",\"answer\":\"It claims that once churches withdraw from state power, religions confront each other and develop a practical moderation of absolutism, with pluralism becoming a valued expression of divine plurality.\"},{\"question\":\"What contrast does the preface draw between religious radicals and the Pope’s stance?\",\"answer\":\"It notes that some religious reactionaries oppose these democratic ideas, including through conflict framed as religious war, while contrasting this with Benedict XVI’s condemnation of what he calls the “dictatorship of relativism” and his broader rejection of violence.\"}]","Bush's Fringe Government | PDF",1790704936,192]