[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-133144-en":3,"doc-seo-133144-105":29,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":91},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":20,"is_downloadable":20,"audit_status":20,"page_count":11,"language":21,"language_code":22,"site_id":23,"html_lang":22,"table_of_contents":24,"faqs":25,"seo_title":26,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":27,"read_time":28},133144,34359740700684,"Finn","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/1f400023980c374ae676?_k=1777273430885731487",8,"Research & Report","Bushmeat Hunting with Wheel Traps and Wire Snares in Rubirizi, Queen Elizabeth National Park, Uganda","The text analyzes bushmeat poaching in Rubirizi within Queen Elizabeth National Park, Uganda, focusing on wheel traps and wire snares as a major threat to wildlife. It defines bushmeat as illegally hunted wild-animal meat for food and also describes non-food uses linked to culture, traditional medicine, household materials, and witchcraft. Drawing on interviews, focus groups, and community observations across 10 villages, it builds an actor-based crime script incorporating cultural, spiritual, and resource-dependency drivers.","This item is the archived peer-reviewed author-version of:  \nBushmeat hunting with wheel traps and wire snares in Rubirizi, Queen Elizabeth National Park, Uganda  \nReference:  \nAshaba Ivan.-Bushmeat hunting with wheel traps and wire snares in Rubirizi, Queen Elizabeth National Park, Uganda  \nThe Poaching Diaries (vol. 1) : Crime Scripting for Wilderness Problems-Phoenix, AZ, Center for Problem Oriented Policing, Arizona State University, 2020, p. 29-35  \nTo cite this reference: [https://hdl.handle.net/10067/1700310151162165141](https://hdl.handle.net/10067/1700310151162165141)  \nInstitutional repository IRUA  \nIV  \nBushmeat Hunting with Wheel Traps and Wire Snares in Rubirizi, Queen Elizabeth National  \nPark, Uganda  \nAuthor: Ivan Ashaba  \nAffiliation: Institute of Development Policy, University of Antwerp, Belgium.  \nProblem description  \nQueen Elizabeth National Park (QENP), covering a total area of 1978 km2 is one of Uganda’s ten national parks and home to a wide variety of wildlife. A large number of species are targeted for bushmeat inside the park, including the hippopotamus (hereafter hippo), buffalo, antelope, kob, warthog, giant forest hog and reedbuck. Bushmeat is defined as meat from wild animals that have been hunted illegally, either for personal consumption or commercial trade.1 Wildlife is also targeted for non-food uses such as traditional medicine, household raw materials for making ornaments, cultural practices such as witchcraft, skins for traditionalists, and to protect people’s gardens from damage.  \nQENP park spans the districts of Rubirizi, Kasese, Rukingiri, and Kamwenge in Uganda. This script focuses on bushmeat poaching using wheel traps and wire snares in Rubirizi, a thriving practice and one of the main threats to wildlife in QENP. Other threats include a rapidly growing human population which can also lead to human-wildlife conflicts as well as the effects of climate change on protected areas, evidenced from the ten villages in which the study was conducted.  \nInformation sources  \nThe crime script was developed from information collected through interviews and focus group discussions across 10 villages in Rubirizi District (see Figure 1) . These are: Kicwamba, Rwandaro, Magambo, Musumba, Kafuro, Kyenzaza, Bwegiragye, Kikumbo, Nyakarambi, and Ryamatumba. A number of different actors participated, including active hunters (N=6), former hunters (N=18), conservation officials of the Uganda Wildlife Authority (N=2), local leaders (N=3), elders (N=2), retired game guards (N=2), a former licensed hunter (N=1), and a local author (N=1) . The information was collected in January-February 2018 and July-August 2018 as part of a project looking at culture, organizational structure, and hierarchy in bushmeat hunting. Additionally, information from personal observations, informal conversations, and communication with several community leaders and locals living close to the protected area was part of the information gathering. These data sources were combined and triangulated to create the actor-based crime script below.  \nFigure 1. Map of Rubirizi district showing QENP and the study villages.  \nCrime process and script  \nThe Banyaruguru were identified as the main bushmeat hunters in Rubirizi although other ethnic groups live in the district and can be interested in bushmeat. These are the Banyankore, Bakonzo, Batoro, Bakiga and Banyarwanda. Besides resource dependency, spiritual and divine factors were also identified as a driver of bushmeat hunting. Traditionally, the Banyaruguru like other ethnic groups in Uganda did not have a monotheistic religion. They believed in gods and deities such as Muhima, Endyoka, Murari, Nyabingi, Nyaburezi, Karisa, and Kisokye which they sought for peace, good harvests, rain, and child birth. Specifically, the hunting deity among the Banyaruguru is popularly referred to as Kayigi (among the Bakonjo, another ethnic group in Kasese and close to the park, the hunting god is called ","cbCaisFCselc94NY","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaisFCselc94NY","pdf",357385,1,"English","en",105,"# Problem description\n## Wildlife targets and definitions\n## Study area and threats\n# Information sources\n## Interview and focus group participants\n## Data collection period and triangulation\n# Crime process and script\n## Hunters and ethnic groups\n## Spiritual and cultural drivers\n## Perceived taste, health, and medicinal beliefs","[{\"question\":\"What is the study focusing on regarding bushmeat poaching in Rubirizi?\",\"answer\":\"The script focuses on bushmeat poaching using wheel traps and wire snares in Rubirizi, identified as a thriving practice and a main threat to wildlife in Queen Elizabeth National Park.\"},{\"question\":\"How was information for the actor-based crime script collected?\",\"answer\":\"Information was gathered through interviews and focus group discussions across 10 villages, with inputs from active and former hunters, conservation officials, local leaders and elders, retired game guards, and community members living near the protected area. Data were collected in January–February 2018 and July–August 2018 and triangulated with personal observations and informal conversations.\"},{\"question\":\"What drivers of bushmeat hunting are highlighted besides resource dependency?\",\"answer\":\"The text highlights spiritual and divine factors, where hunting deities are consulted for guidance and protection, as well as cultural beliefs about bushmeat taste, perceived energy and fertility benefits, and the medicinal value of meat and animal parts.\"}]","Bushmeat Hunting with Wheel Traps and Wire Snares in Rubirizi, Queen Elizabeth National Park, Uganda | PDF",1787214326,20,{"code":4,"msg":30,"data":31},"ok",{"site_id":23,"language":22,"slug":32,"title":13,"keywords":33,"description":14,"schema_data":34,"social_meta":86,"head_meta":88,"extra_data":90,"updated_unix":27},"bushmeat-hunting-with-wheel-traps-and-wire-snares-in-rubirizi-queen-elizabeth-national-park-uganda","",{"@graph":35,"@context":85},[36,53,68],{"@type":37,"itemListElement":38},"BreadcrumbList",[39,43,47,50],{"item":40,"name":41,"@type":42,"position":20},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":44,"name":45,"@type":42,"position":46},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":48,"name":12,"@type":42,"position":49},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":51,"name":13,"@type":42,"position":52},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/bushmeat-hunting-with-wheel-traps-and-wire-snares-in-rubirizi-queen-elizabeth-national-park-uganda/133144/",4,{"url":51,"name":13,"@type":54,"author":55,"headline":13,"publisher":57,"fileFormat":60,"inLanguage":22,"description":14,"dateModified":61,"datePublished":62,"encodingFormat":60,"isAccessibleForFree":63,"interactionStatistic":64},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":56},"Person",{"url":40,"name":58,"@type":59},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-08-23","2026-08-20",true,{"@type":65,"interactionType":66,"userInteractionCount":20},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":67},"ViewAction",{"@type":69,"mainEntity":70},"FAQPage",[71,77,81],{"name":72,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":74},"What is the study focusing on regarding bushmeat poaching in Rubirizi?","Question",{"text":75,"@type":76},"The script focuses on bushmeat poaching using wheel traps and wire snares in Rubirizi, identified as a thriving practice and a main threat to wildlife in Queen Elizabeth National Park.","Answer",{"name":78,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":79},"How was information for the actor-based crime script collected?",{"text":80,"@type":76},"Information was gathered through interviews and focus group discussions across 10 villages, with inputs from active and former hunters, conservation officials, local leaders and elders, retired game guards, and community members living near the protected area. Data were collected in January–February 2018 and July–August 2018 and triangulated with personal observations and informal conversations.",{"name":82,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":83},"What drivers of bushmeat hunting are highlighted besides resource dependency?",{"text":84,"@type":76},"The text highlights spiritual and divine factors, where hunting deities are consulted for guidance and protection, as well as cultural beliefs about bushmeat taste, perceived energy and fertility benefits, and the medicinal value of meat and animal parts.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":51,"og:type":87,"og:title":13,"og:site_name":58,"og:description":14},"article",{"robots":89,"canonical":51},"index,follow",{"doc_id":7,"site_id":23},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":92},[93,97,101,105,110,115,120,123,127,130,134],{"id":20,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":94,"show_sort_weight":95,"slug":96},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":102,"show_sort_weight":103,"slug":104},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":106,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":107,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":111,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":112,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":114},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":116,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":117,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":119},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":11,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":12,"show_sort_weight":121,"slug":122},30,"research-report",{"id":124,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":125,"show_sort_weight":28,"slug":126},9,"Religion & Spirituality","religion-spirituality",{"id":28,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":128,"show_sort_weight":28,"slug":129},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":131,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":132,"show_sort_weight":131,"slug":133},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":135,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":136,"show_sort_weight":106,"slug":137},19,"General","general"]