[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-440599-105":59,"doc-detail-440599-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","building-tunnels-great-engineering-start-digging","BUILDING TUNNELS - Great engineering - Start Digging!","","BUILDING TUNNELS explains how tunnels are designed and constructed, using an accessible, youth-focused overview of real-world challenges and natural examples. It opens with an ancient problem on the island of Samos and the decision to build a tunnel through Mount Kastro, then defines tunnels as enclosed passageways with entrances and describes how people, animals, and geology create tunnels. Topics include planning a tunnel, going underground, digging, and tunneling under mountains and waves, supported by a glossary and index.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":30,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/technology/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/building-tunnels-great-engineering-start-digging/440599/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/building-tunnels-great-engineering-start-digging/440599.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"MrHarris58","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-16","2026-09-29",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":14},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"Why did the people on Samos decide to build a tunnel?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"They needed to bring water from a spring inland to their city, but Mount Kastro blocked the route, so they built a tunnel through the mountain.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What is a tunnel, according to the book?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"A tunnel is an enclosed or roofed-over passageway that may run underground or underwater, with at least two entrances.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How do lava tubes form?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"When hot lava flows from a volcano, the outside cools and hardens while the inside continues flowing away; later the cooled lava hardens into a long hollow tunnel called a lava tube.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},440599,1792163949,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":29,"category_name":30,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":14,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":36,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144},687212988360,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c","自BUILDING  \n08888880GREATENGINEERINGTUNNELSREBECCA STEF0FF  \nGREAT  \nENGINEERING  \n# BUILDINGTUNNELS\n\nREBECCA STEF0FF  \nCavendishSQuare  \nNew York  \nPublished in 2016 by Cavendish Square Publishing,LLC2435th Avenue,Suite 136,New York,NY 10016  \nCopyright ◎2016by Cavendish Square Publishing,LLC  \nFirst Edition  \nNo part of this publication may be reproduced,stored in a retrieval system,or transmitted in any form or by anymeans—electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recording,or otherwise—without the prior permission of thecopyright owner.Request for permission should be addressed to Permissions,Cavendish Square Publishing,2435th Avenue,Suite 136,New York,NY 10016.Tel(877)980-4450;fax(877)980-4454.  \nWebsite:cavendishsq.com  \nThis publication represents the opinions and views of the author based on his or her personal experience,knowledge,and research.The information in this book serves as a general guide only.The author and publisherhave used their best efforts in preparing this book and disclaim liability rising directly or indirectly from the useand application of this book.  \nCPSIA Compliance Information:Batch\\#WS15CSQ  \nAll websites were available and accurate when this book was sent to press.  \n## Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data\n\nStefoff,Rebecca,1951-authorBuilding tunnels/Rebecca Stefoff.pages cm.—(Great engineering)Includes bibliographical references and index.  \nISBN 978-1-50260-601-3(hardcover)ISBN 978-1-50260-600-6(paperback)ISBN 978-1-50260-602-0(ebook)  \n1.Tunnels--Design and construction—Juvenile literature.2.Underground construction—Juvenile literature.  \n3.Civil engineering—Juvenile literature.I.Title.  \nTA807.S742016  \n624.1'93—dc23  \n2014049189  \nEditorial Director:David McNamara  \nEditor:Andrew Coddington  \nCopy Editor:Rebecca Rohan  \nArt Director:Jeffrey Talbot  \nDesigner:Amy Greenan  \nSenior Production Manager:Jennifer Ryder-Talbot  \nProduction Editor:Renni Johnson  \nPhoto Research:J8 Media  \nThe photographs in this book are used by permission and through the courtesy of:Hxdyl/Shutterstock,cover;Niroshan86/iStock,5;Mikeo,File:Thurston Lava Tube Edit 1.jpg/Wikimedia Commons,6;Dorling Kindersley/Getty lmages,7;Cyril Ruoso/Minden Pictures/Getty lmages,9;Hervé Champollion/akgimages/Newscom,11;Chris Sattlberger/Blend Images/Getty Images,13;File:Gerrards Cross railway station 2.jpg/Wikimedia Commons,15;Museum of London,UK/Bridgeman Images,17;Washington Dept.of Transportation/AP Images,20;Martin Lehmann/Shutterstock,23;Johannes Simon/Getty Images,24;Commander Keane,File:Channel Tunnegeological profile 1.svg/Wikimedia Commons,25;Denis Charlet/AFP/Getty Images,26.  \nPrinted in the United States of America  \n# Going Underground\n\nCHAPTER ONE:  \nPlanning a Tunnel  \nCHAPTER TWO:  \nCHAPTER THREE:Start Digging!  \nCHAPTER FOUR:  Under Mountains  \nand Waves  \nGlossary  \nFind Out More  \nIndex  \nAbout the Author  \n4  \n10  \n16  \n22  \n28  \n30  \n31  \n32  \nI wo thousand and five hundred years ago,the peoplewho lived on the island of Samos had a problem.  \nSamos is an island off the coast of Greece,in  \nEurope.The main city was on the coast.Inland,awayfrom the coast,there was a natural spring wherewater flowed out from underground.  \nThe spring was a good source of water—but amountain called Mount Kastro stood between the  \nspring and the city.How could the people get thespring's water to their city?  \nThey decided that the answer was to build a tunnelthrough the mountain.  \n# Nature's Tunnels\n\nA tunnel is a passageway that is enclosed,or roofedover.It may run underground or underwater.All  \ntunnels have at least two entrances.You can go in atone end and come out at the opposite end.  \n## A lava tube in Volcanoes\n\nNational Park,Hawaii.After theoutside of a lava flow cooledoff,the hot inside flowed away  \nMany animals build tunnels.Have you ever seen smallpiles of fresh dirt on a lawn?Creatures that dig tunnels,such as moles or gophers,made the piles.They use thetunnels to store their food,raise their young,and hidefr","cbCaigLJfIbtT9nR","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaigLJfIbtT9nR","pdf",2788578,"English","# Going Underground\n## Planning a Tunnel\n## Start Digging!\n## Under Mountains and Waves\n## Nature's Tunnels\n## A lava tube in Volcanoes\n## Glossary\n## Find Out More\n## Index","[{\"question\":\"Why did the people on Samos decide to build a tunnel?\",\"answer\":\"They needed to bring water from a spring inland to their city, but Mount Kastro blocked the route, so they built a tunnel through the mountain.\"},{\"question\":\"What is a tunnel, according to the book?\",\"answer\":\"A tunnel is an enclosed or roofed-over passageway that may run underground or underwater, with at least two entrances.\"},{\"question\":\"How do lava tubes form?\",\"answer\":\"When hot lava flows from a volcano, the outside cools and hardens while the inside continues flowing away; later the cooled lava hardens into a long hollow tunnel called a lava tube.\"}]","BUILDING TUNNELS - Great engineering - Start Digging! | PDF",1790692636,101]