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Analyses indicate that gender, STEM magnet program enrollment, and cumulative high school GPA predict completion. Although completion relates to college choice, the pattern is largely explained by academic performance measures, especially SAT scores and GPA. If STEM and non-STEM students had equal scores and grades, enrollment gaps would narrow substantially across institution selectivity levels.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/building-better-cities-building-better-lives-stem-endorsement-completion-and-the-pathway-to-college/584899/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/building-better-cities-building-better-lives-stem-endorsement-completion-and-the-pathway-to-college/584899.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Sophia Brooks","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-01","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":24},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"Which factors predict whether a student completes the STEM endorsement in HISD?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Gender, STEM magnet program enrollment, and cumulative high school GPA predict STEM endorsement completion.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How does STEM endorsement completion relate to college choice?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Completion is associated with college choice, but the relationship is largely explained by academic performance measures such as SAT scores and cumulative high school GPA.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What do the findings suggest about the role of the STEM endorsement in college access?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The STEM endorsement appears to function, by design or coincidence, as a funneling mechanism for higher-performing students into more-selective colleges and universities.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},584899,1792167428,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":24,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":41,"preview_page_count":4},962084925636,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_994ba38a5ba835b3df7d355c54d3ed8d","Building Better Cities Building Better Lives  \nSTEM Endorsement Completion and the Pathway to College  \nBrian Holzman*, Bethany Lewis and Hao Ma  \nPhoto by Andre Hunter on Unsplash  \n* Corresponding [author: bholzman@tamu.edu](author: bholzman@tamu.edu)  \nResearch Brief  \nFebruary 2024  \nSuggested citation. Holzman, B., Lewis, B. & Ma, H. (2024).“STEM Endorsement Completion and the Pathway to College.” Houston, TX: Houston Education Research Consortium, Kinder Institute for Urban Research, Rice University.  \nNote on the authors. Brian Holzman, Ph.D., is an assistant professor at Texas A&M University. Bethany Lewis, M.A., is an analyst at Ithaka S+R. Funding acknowledgment. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 1842378.  \nAbout HERC. Focusing on the most pressing challenges facing the region, the Houston Education Research Consortium (HERC) is a research-practice partnership between the Kinder Institute for Urban Research and 11 Houston-area school districts. HERC research is developed directly alongside district leaders with findings shared with decision-makers—culminating in long-term, equity-minded solutions, opportunities and growth for Houston and beyond.  \nDOI: [https://doi.org/10.25611/JK8Q-XN28](https://doi.org/10.25611/JK8Q-XN28)  \nResearch Brief  \nSTEM Endorsement Completion and the Pathway to College  \nThis brief examines which  \n(HISD) are more likely to  \nstudents in the Houston Independent School District earn the STEM endorsement and whether STEM  \nendorsement completion predicts college enrollment. Analyses show that gender, STEM magnet program enrollment, and cumulative high school grade point average (GPA) predict STEM endorsement completion. While STEM endorsement completion is associated with college choice, the relationship appears to be explained by academic performance measures, particularly SAT scores and GPA. In fact, if STEM and non-STEM students had the same test scores and grades, college enrollment gaps at 2-year-or-less; 4-year, less-selective; and 4-year, more-selective institutions would reduce. Overall, the findings suggest that the STEM endorsement functions, by design or coincidence, as a funneling mechanism for high-performing students into more-selective colleges and universities.  \nKey Findings  \n▪ Students who completed the STEM endorsement were more likely to be male and academically highperforming than students who did not complete the STEM endorsement.  \n▪ While the STEM endorsement was positively associated with college choice, the association was largely explained by academic performance measures, including SAT scores and cumulative high school GPA.  \nPhoto by Good Free Photos on Unsplash  \nSTEM Endorsement Completion and the Pathway to College ~~  ~~1~~  ~~  \nBackground  \nPassed by the Texas Legislature in 2013, House Bill  \n5 revamped PK-12 education by introducing the Foundation High School Program (FHSP) . This new graduation framework aimed to facilitate college and career readiness by having students develop a content-area specialization aligned with their long-term goals, regardless of whether that involved attending college or a trade school or getting a job right after highschool (Holzman & Lewis, 2020) . High school freshmen in the 2014-2015 school year were the first cohort of students affected by this policy change.  \nThe content-area specializations the FHSP introduced are called academic endorsements and are somewhat similar to college majors. Students can choose from five endorsement options: arts and humanities, business and industry, public services, STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics), and multidisciplinary studies. Students can also select specific course sequences, or paths, to earn their endorsements.1  \nThis study of HISD students focuses on the STEM endorsement. The STEM endorsement is unique given its strong focus on math and science. There are wellknown gender, racial and ethnic, and ","cbCaicK7qHoMgfiS","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaicK7qHoMgfiS","pdf",441139,12,"English","# Research Brief\n## STEM Endorsement Completion and the Pathway to College\n## Background\n## Research Questions\n## Key Findings","[{\"question\":\"Which factors predict whether a student completes the STEM endorsement in HISD?\",\"answer\":\"Gender, STEM magnet program enrollment, and cumulative high school GPA predict STEM endorsement completion.\"},{\"question\":\"How does STEM endorsement completion relate to college choice?\",\"answer\":\"Completion is associated with college choice, but the relationship is largely explained by academic performance measures such as SAT scores and cumulative high school GPA.\"},{\"question\":\"What do the findings suggest about the role of the STEM endorsement in college access?\",\"answer\":\"The STEM endorsement appears to function, by design or coincidence, as a funneling mechanism for higher-performing students into more-selective colleges and universities.\"}]","Building Better Cities Building Better Lives - STEM Endorsement Completion and the Pathway to College | PDF",1792052866]