[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-seo-649657-105":3,"doc-detail-649657-en":80,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":98},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"ok",{"site_id":7,"language":8,"slug":9,"title":10,"keywords":11,"description":12,"schema_data":13,"social_meta":73,"head_meta":75,"extra_data":77,"updated_unix":79},105,"en","building-a-drawing-and-drawing-a-building-read-online","Building a Drawing and Drawing a Building - read online","","Explores how professional architecture is shaped by capitalism, legal protection, and the industrial revolution’s restructuring of building work, with design increasingly separated from construction. Argues that architectural knowledge and production extend beyond architects to drawings, texts, films, landscapes, software, and even medical, choreographic, and user practices. Uses perspectives from authors including Eliot Freidson and Henri Lefebvre to critique specialization, abstraction of space, and the marginalization of bodily diversity, while highlighting alternative “architectures” such as Yves Klein’s Air proposals.",{"@graph":14,"@context":72},[15,34,55],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/","Research & Report",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/building-a-drawing-and-drawing-a-building-read-online/649657/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/building-a-drawing-and-drawing-a-building-read-online/649657.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"404brain","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-25","2026-10-24",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":26},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",{"@type":56,"mainEntity":57},"FAQPage",[58,64,68],{"name":59,"@type":60,"acceptedAnswer":61},"How does capitalism and professional protection influence architectural practice?","Question",{"text":62,"@type":63},"The text argues capitalism drives continual construction and destruction, while legal protection and potential monopolies help professions manage knowledge. Architects gain status and security through a defined area of knowledge, which can also produce intellectual isolation.","Answer",{"name":65,"@type":60,"acceptedAnswer":66},"Why are drawings and other media considered architectural objects?",{"text":67,"@type":63},"It states that architecture includes more than building fabric; drawings and texts have long been treated as important architectural objects. The argument extends architecture to films, landscapes, computer programs, and even elements like words, sounds, and pixels.",{"name":69,"@type":60,"acceptedAnswer":70},"What does Lefebvre’s argument add about the “production of space”?",{"text":71,"@type":63},"Lefebvre is cited to claim that architects are only one component in the abstraction and fragmentation of space into specialized domains. The space assigned to architects is linked to the dominant mode of production and capitalism, with users treated as victims of this abstraction.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":74,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":76,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":78,"site_id":7},649657,1792904279,{"code":4,"msg":81,"data":82},"success",{"doc_id":78,"user_id":83,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":84,"doc_module":4,"category_id":85,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":86,"file_id":87,"file_url":88,"file_type":89,"file_size":90,"view_count":26,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":91,"language":92,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":93,"faqs":94,"seo_title":95,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":96,"read_time":97},1099529839291,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_6f874abed73319feea01a86fa6f0fab8",8,"Building a Drawing and Drawing a Building  \nJonathan Hill  \nCapitalism requires the continual construction and destruction of objects, goods and ideas in the search for new markets. To the apparent benefit of practitioners, consumers and the state, organizations such as the professions are a response to the desire to contain and manage capitalism’s excesses. The state offers legal protection, and a potential monopoly, to a profession in return for its safe management of an area of knowledge.  \nThe industrial revolution created a vastly expanded market with many new practices and the subdivision of existing ones. In building production, design was increasingly separated from construction; by the 1830sthe general contractor in the UK commonly assumed a number of roles previously undertaken by architects, such as the co-ordination of individual craftsmen. On one hand, the industrial revolution threatened existing architectural practice and, one the other, it offered architects the possibility of new status. Eliot Freidson writes: ’Gaining recognition as a ”profession” was important to occupations not only because it was associated with traditional gentry status, but also because its  \ntraditional connotations of disinterested dedication and learning legitimated the effort to gain protection from competition in the labour market’.1  \nTo acquire the social status and financial security offered by the state, architects need a defined area of knowledge, with precise contents and limits, in which they can prove expertise. Consequently, architects are caught in a vicious circle. To further the idea that they alone make buildings and spaces that deserve the title architecture, they adopt practices, forms and materials already identified with the work of architects, and often learn little from other disciplines. Intellectual isolation and stagnation may be the unfortunate consequence of the desire to monopolize a practice. The practice of architects is yet to be influenced by ideas which have been so liberating in art, notably that an artwork can be made of anything and address any subject.  \nIn the UK, and many other western industrialized countries, the term‘architect’is legally protected. Planning laws and building regulations monitor building production but, fortunately, the word‘architecture’has no legal protection.2 There are now many architectures, all related to the varied experience of the user and interdependent with an understanding of the building and city. In addition to buildings, drawings and texts have for many years been considered important architectural objects. Onto these one can add films, landscapes, computer programmes and bodies at the very least. Architectural matter is not just traditional building fabric. It is whatever architecture is made of, whether words, bricks, blood cells, sounds or pixels.  \nIn stating that architecture is far more than the work of architects, my intention is notto deny the importance of architects in the production of architecture but to see their role in more balanced terms and to acknowledge other architectural producers. Architecture can, for example, be found in the incisionsofa surgeon, the instructions of a choreographer, or the movements of a user. Anyone wanting to produce architecture should discard the preconceived boundaries of the discipline and learn from architecture wherever it is found, whatever it is made of, whoever it is made by.  \nArchitectural invention equal to that of architects can be found in the work of other architectural pro-  \nducers. For example, in the late 1950s the artist Yves Klein, working with Werner Ruhnau, designed the Architecture of the Air. Locating all services underground, and transforming the climate above ground by means of air, fire and water, Klein proposed an ecologically conscious, but urban, architecture without physical boundaries that would enable its users to live comfortably in nature. Rather than the title architect being legal protected it s","cbCailQjOzzpqJWI","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCailQjOzzpqJWI","pdf",108529,7,"English","# Building a Drawing and Drawing a Building\n## Capitalism, professions, and industrial change\n## Architectural objects beyond buildings\n## Architecture as production of space\n## The user, the body, and specialization","[{\"question\":\"How does capitalism and professional protection influence architectural practice?\",\"answer\":\"The text argues capitalism drives continual construction and destruction, while legal protection and potential monopolies help professions manage knowledge. Architects gain status and security through a defined area of knowledge, which can also produce intellectual isolation.\"},{\"question\":\"Why are drawings and other media considered architectural objects?\",\"answer\":\"It states that architecture includes more than building fabric; drawings and texts have long been treated as important architectural objects. The argument extends architecture to films, landscapes, computer programs, and even elements like words, sounds, and pixels.\"},{\"question\":\"What does Lefebvre’s argument add about the “production of space”?\",\"answer\":\"Lefebvre is cited to claim that architects are only one component in the abstraction and fragmentation of space into specialized domains. The space assigned to architects is linked to the dominant mode of production and capitalism, with users treated as victims of this abstraction.\"}]","Building a Drawing and Drawing a Building - read online | PDF",1792803362,18,{"code":4,"msg":81,"data":99},[100,104,108,112,117,122,126,129,134,137,141],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":101,"show_sort_weight":102,"slug":103},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":105,"show_sort_weight":106,"slug":107},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":109,"show_sort_weight":110,"slug":111},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":113,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":114,"show_sort_weight":115,"slug":116},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":118,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":119,"show_sort_weight":120,"slug":121},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":91,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":123,"show_sort_weight":124,"slug":125},"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":85,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":127,"slug":128},30,"research-report",{"id":130,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":131,"show_sort_weight":132,"slug":133},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":132,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":135,"show_sort_weight":132,"slug":136},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":138,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":139,"show_sort_weight":138,"slug":140},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":142,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":143,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":144},19,"General","general"]