[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-612360-105":59,"doc-detail-612360-en":124},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":117,"head_meta":119,"extra_data":121,"updated_unix":123},105,"en","budgets-and-deficits-historical-analysis","Budgets and Deficits - Historical Analysis","","This document provides an analytical overview of federal budget challenges during the George H.W. Bush administration, specifically focusing on the intersection of the savings and loan crisis, economic recession, and rising entitlement costs. It examines how deregulation within the banking sector led to widespread insolvency, resulting in significant government intervention costs exceeding $525 billion. Furthermore, it details the political conflict between the Bush administration and Congress regarding budget projections, leading to negotiated tax increases. The text highlights how external economic pressures and healthcare spending nullified deficit-reduction efforts, ultimately documenting the persistent fiscal shortfalls faced during the early 1990s. This resource serves as a concise educational summary for understanding the complexities of American economic policy and federal deficit management during that era.",{"@graph":69,"@context":116},[70,84,99],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/budgets-and-deficits-historical-analysis/612360/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"author":86,"headline":65,"publisher":89,"fileFormat":92,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":93,"datePublished":93,"encodingFormat":92,"isAccessibleForFree":94,"interactionStatistic":95},"DigitalDocument",{"name":87,"@type":88},"Stanford","Person",{"url":74,"name":90,"@type":91},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-19",true,{"@type":96,"interactionType":97,"userInteractionCount":4},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":98},"ViewAction",{"@type":100,"mainEntity":101},"FAQPage",[102,108,112],{"name":103,"@type":104,"acceptedAnswer":105},"What factors contributed to the savings and loan crisis?","Question",{"text":106,"@type":107},"The crisis was caused by the deregulation of savings banks, which allowed them to offer higher interest rates and engage in riskier loans, coupled with government deposit insurance that reduced consumer caution. Combined with fraud, mismanagement, and an economic downturn, these factors led to widespread institutional insolvencies.","Answer",{"name":109,"@type":104,"acceptedAnswer":110},"What are thrifts?",{"text":111,"@type":107},"Thrifts are consumer-oriented financial institutions, such as savings and loan associations and savings banks, that were traditionally regulated as low-interest, safe havens for individuals.",{"name":113,"@type":104,"acceptedAnswer":114},"Why did President George H.W. Bush agree to a tax increase in 1990?",{"text":115,"@type":107},"Despite his administration's initial projections, the President agreed to tax increases after protracted negotiations with Congress, as it became clear that optimistic projections were insufficient to meet deficit-reduction laws amidst the economic recession, the costs of the savings and loan rescue, and rising Medicare and Medicaid expenses.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":118,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":90,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":120,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":122,"site_id":62},612360,1792383311,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":125},{"doc_id":122,"user_id":126,"nickname":87,"user_avatar":127,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":128,"file_id":129,"file_url":130,"file_type":131,"file_size":132,"view_count":4,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":8,"language":133,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":134,"faqs":135,"seo_title":136,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":123,"read_time":81},2336477552062,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_994ba38a5ba835b3df7d355c54d3ed8d","Name:   Date:   Class:    \nBudgets and Deficits  \nBush administration efforts to gain control over the federal budget deficit were problematic. One source of the difficulty was the savings and loan crisis. Savings banks – formerly tightly regulated, low-interest safe havens for ordinary people – had been deregulated, allowing these institutions to compete more aggressively by paying higher interest rates and by making riskier loans. Increases in the government’s deposit insurance guaranteed reduced consumer incentive to shun less-sound institutions. Fraud, mismanagement, and the choppy economy produced widespread insolvencies among these thrifts (the umbrella term for consumer-oriented institutions like savings and loan associations and savings banks) . By  \n1993, the total cost of selling and shuttering failed thrifts was staggering, nearly $525,000-million.  \nIn January 1990, President Bush presented his budget proposal to Congress. Democrats argued that administration budget projections were far too optimistic, and that meeting the deficit-reduction law would require tax increases and sharper cuts in defense spending. That June, after protracted negotiations, the president agreed to a tax increase. All the same, the combination of economic recession, losses from the savings and loan industry rescue operation, and escalating health care costs for Medicare and Medicaid offset all the deficitreduction measures and produced a shortfall in 1991 at least as large as the previous year's.  \nDirections: Read the passage above, then answer the questions below.  \n1. Describe the savings and loan crisis.  \n2. What are thrifts?  \n3. Why did George H.W. Bush agree to tax increases?  \nText courtesy of the U.S. State Department, Bureau of International Information Programs, 2005  \n© Sttudenudent Handouts, Inc . www.studenthandouts.com","cbCair9UEt6qdkvX","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCair9UEt6qdkvX","pdf",229540,"English","# The Savings and Loan Crisis\n## Federal Budget Challenges and Policy Negotiations","[{\"question\":\"What factors contributed to the savings and loan crisis?\",\"answer\":\"The crisis was caused by the deregulation of savings banks, which allowed them to offer higher interest rates and engage in riskier loans, coupled with government deposit insurance that reduced consumer caution. Combined with fraud, mismanagement, and an economic downturn, these factors led to widespread institutional insolvencies.\"},{\"question\":\"What are thrifts?\",\"answer\":\"Thrifts are consumer-oriented financial institutions, such as savings and loan associations and savings banks, that were traditionally regulated as low-interest, safe havens for individuals.\"},{\"question\":\"Why did President George H.W. Bush agree to a tax increase in 1990?\",\"answer\":\"Despite his administration's initial projections, the President agreed to tax increases after protracted negotiations with Congress, as it became clear that optimistic projections were insufficient to meet deficit-reduction laws amidst the economic recession, the costs of the savings and loan rescue, and rising Medicare and Medicaid expenses.\"}]","Budgets and Deficits - Historical Analysis | PDF"]