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The course explains three major linguistic manifestations—Sanskrit-inspired syntactic and stylistic patterns, transliteration and loan words, and the blend of classical Chinese with vernacular usage. Learners build foundations in classical Chinese grammar, Buddhist technical vocabulary, and reading strategies, using translation exercises from classical Chinese into English, supported by cultural study of Buddhist art, music, and cuisine.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":45,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/religion-spirituality/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/buddhist-chinese-trnc-51-fall-2024-course-overview/421133/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/buddhist-chinese-trnc-51-fall-2024-course-overview/421133.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Blue Pony","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-16","2026-09-28",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":34},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is Buddhist Chinese and how is it related to early Buddhist texts?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Buddhist Chinese refers to the language used in early Chinese Buddhist literature, including Chinese translations of Buddhist scriptures and writings influenced by Buddhist teachings. It is also known as Buddhist Hybrid Chinese because it reflects influences from Sanskrit, Indian culture, Buddhist scriptures, and classical Chinese linguistic components.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What three major linguistic manifestations does the course emphasize?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The course highlights: (1) syntactic features and stylistic patterns imitating Sanskrit sutra forms, (2) many transliteration words and loanwords, and (3) the mixture of classical Chinese with colloquial vernacular language in Buddhist texts, especially Chan school writings and Gongan.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How do students practice learning in the course?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Students strengthen classical Chinese foundations by studying character rules, grammar, and common structures in Buddhist scriptures. Each lesson includes translation exercises converting texts from classical Chinese into English, along with vocabulary study of Buddhist technical terms.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},421133,1791176149,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":44,"category_name":45,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":34,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":29,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144},962090760266,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c","Dharma Realm Buddhist University  \nInternational Institute for the Translation of Buddhist Texts  \nCertificate Program in Buddhist Translation  \nTRNC 51 – Buddhist Chinese  \nFall 2024  \nTime: 8: 45 to 10: 45 am, Thursday  \nUnits: 2 units  \nClassroom: \\#128  \nInstructor: Yang Liu  \nCourse Description:  \nBuddhist Chinese (佛教漢語) refers to the language of early Chinese Buddhist literature, including all Chinese translations of Buddhist scriptures, Chinese Buddhist Shastra writings, and literary works containing or diffusing Buddhist teachings. Buddhist Chinese is also known as Buddhist Hybrid Chinese (fójiào hùnhé Hànyǔ佛教混合漢語) because the Buddhist Chinese (language) is influenced by Sanskrit language, Indian culture, Buddhist scriptures and classical Chinese linguistic components.  \nTherefore, the manifestation of Buddhist Chinese basically has threefolds: First is the syntactic features imitation of literary form (or stylistic pattern) of Sanskrit Sutra, such as the mixture of verse and prose components in the Chinese translations of Buddhist scriptures. Second, there area large number of transliteration words and loan words(claque) . For example,佛Buddha,比丘 monk (bhikkhu),比丘尼nun (bhikkhuni),剎那an instant (Skt. kṣaṇa) ,玻璃crystal (Skt. sphaṭika)，塔pagoda([Skt. st](Skt. st)ūpa)，彌勒Maitreya,方便expedient means (Skt. upaya),茉莉 Jasmine flower (Skt. mallikā) and蘋果apple (Skt. bimbā) . Second, Buddhist scriptures that led to the development of Chinese vocabulary. That is to say, the spreading of Buddhist scriptures not only adds new words, new idioms, new thoughts, new aesthetics to the Chinese language but also profoundly enrichs Chinese literature and culture. The third manifestation is the mixture of classical Chinese and the use of colloquial vernacular language in the Buddhist Sutra, shastra writings and literary works. This expression can be found particularly in the Chan school’s textsand Gongan (公案) .  \nFor those who want to study and translate Buddhist Chinese, it is necessary to supplement the knowledge of Indian studies and Buddhism. It is also necessary to have a basic foundation for classical Chinese language as its initial step. Therefore, this course attempts to solidify learners ’foundation for classical Chinese. We begin with a series of lessons that introduce principal rules behind Chinese characters, basic grammars and commonly seen structures in Chinese Buddhist scriptures. Basic Buddhist technical vocabularies, Chinese Buddhist Idioms will be investigated as means of accessing texts and to lay basic foundations for reading texts easily. A variety of Buddhist texts including Indian traditional texts that were translated in China will be introduced. Each lesson has translation exercises involving translating those texts from classical Chinese into English. Through reading and translating texts in their original Chinese, students experience a  \nmore direct voicing of the ideas of Buddhist Chinese.  \nThe impact of Buddhism or Buddhist sacred texts on Chinese culture is exemplified through Buddhist art, Buddhist material culture, Buddhist music and Buddhist cuisine   etc. Therefore, the artistic and cultural elements of Chinese Buddhism will be introduced as a means of embracing the language and nourishing the language learners ’ cultural sentiments too.  \nProgram Learning Outcomes  \nTRNC PLO 1-Exercise ethical sensibility  \nTRNC PLO 3-Create clear, accurate, nuanced translations adapted to various audiences  \nCourse Learning Outcomes  \nLanguage Proficiency  \n● Students will acquire practical understanding of the basic syntax, grammatical relationships among words and particles of Classical Chinese.  \n● Students will apply theoretical knowledge of grammar and syntax to real examples through translation practices.  \n● Students will demonstrate the ability to explain Chinese characters ’ etymology and widen their range of vocabulary.  \n● Students will improve their pronunciation and reading ability in Chinese both in terms of flu","cbCaiaMDchh5HKT4","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiaMDchh5HKT4","pdf",220149,"English","# Course Identification\n## Program Details\n## Instructor and Schedule\n# Course Description\n## Definition and Background\n## Key Linguistic Features\n## Learning Prerequisites\n# Learning Outcomes\n## Program Learning Outcomes\n## Course Learning Outcomes\n### Language Proficiency\n### Cultural Competence\n# Course Requirements","[{\"question\":\"What is Buddhist Chinese and how is it related to early Buddhist texts?\",\"answer\":\"Buddhist Chinese refers to the language used in early Chinese Buddhist literature, including Chinese translations of Buddhist scriptures and writings influenced by Buddhist teachings. It is also known as Buddhist Hybrid Chinese because it reflects influences from Sanskrit, Indian culture, Buddhist scriptures, and classical Chinese linguistic components.\"},{\"question\":\"What three major linguistic manifestations does the course emphasize?\",\"answer\":\"The course highlights: (1) syntactic features and stylistic patterns imitating Sanskrit sutra forms, (2) many transliteration words and loanwords, and (3) the mixture of classical Chinese with colloquial vernacular language in Buddhist texts, especially Chan school writings and Gongan.\"},{\"question\":\"How do students practice learning in the course?\",\"answer\":\"Students strengthen classical Chinese foundations by studying character rules, grammar, and common structures in Buddhist scriptures. Each lesson includes translation exercises converting texts from classical Chinese into English, along with vocabulary study of Buddhist technical terms.\"}]","Buddhist Chinese (TRNC 51) - Fall 2024 Course Overview | PDF",1790624023,15]