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Differential reflectivity (ZDR) and specific differential phase (KDP) columns act as proxies for updraft strength, while ice and supercooled liquid water affect lightning occurrence through noninductive charging. Few studies have resolved the sequence and interactions among these factors across the cloud life cycle. This work develops the “3D mapping columns” method to map ZDR columns from Cartesian grid datasets and link polarimetric signatures to lightning initiation.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/bridging-the-polarimetric-structure-and-lightning-activity-of-an-isolated-thunderstorm-during-the-cloud-life-cycle/238663/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/bridging-the-polarimetric-structure-and-lightning-activity-of-an-isolated-thunderstorm-during-the-cloud-life-cycle/238663.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Arica Lee","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-28","2026-09-11",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",14,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What polarimetric radar quantities are used to relate to lightning activity in this study?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"The study focuses on differential reflectivity (ZDR) and specific differential phase (KDP) columns as proxies connected to storm dynamics and microphysics, and evaluates their behavior during the cloud life cycle.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"What is the main purpose of the “3D mapping columns” method?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"It is designed to identify and quantify ZDR columns during the early phase of cloud formation using Cartesian grid datasets, improving the connection between polarimetric structure and lightning activity.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"What do the results suggest for forecasting lightning initiation during the cloud life cycle?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"They indicate that the onset of the ZDR column can forecast lightning initiation in advance, and that changes in ZH intensity within ZDR columns have potential for predicting lightning activity across the cloud life cycle.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},238663,1789138745,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":140,"language":141,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":142,"faqs":143,"seo_title":144,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":130,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},8796096645457,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/800003749518d68ffe3?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1779345340919836971","[https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-4069](https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-4069)[ ](https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-4069)Preprint. Discussion started: 16 January 2025 􀀍c Author(s) 2025 . CC BY 4.0 License.  \n1 Bridging the polarimetric structure and lightning activity of an isolated  \n2 thunderstorm during the cloud life cycle  \n3 Chuanhong Zhao,1,2* Yijun Zhang,1,3* Huiyan Zhai,2 Zhe Li,1 Dong Zheng,4 Xueyan Peng,2 Wen  \n4 Yao,4 Sai Du,5 Yuanmou Du,6  \n5 Affiliations  \n6 1Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences & Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan  \n7 University, Shanghai, 200438, China.  \n8 2Plateau Atmosphere and Environment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School ofAtmospheric  \n9 Sciences, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, 610225, China.  \n10 3Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocean-land-atmosphere Boundary Dynamics and Climate Change &  \n11 Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Atmosphere-Ocean Interaction, Fudan University, Shanghai, 12 200438, China.  \n13 4State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences &  \n14 Laboratory of Lightning Physics and Protection Engineering, Chinese Academy of Meteorological  \n15 Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.  \n16 5Guangdong Meteorological Service, Guangzhou, 510080, China.  \n17 6Beijing Weather Modification Center, Beijing, 100089, China.  \n18  \n19  \n20  \n21  \n22  \n23 Corresponding authors: Dr. Yijun Zhang & Dr. Chuanhong Zhao are the co-corresponding authors.  \n24 E-mail: [zhangyijun@fudan.edu.cn](zhangyijun@fudan.edu.cn); [zch@cuit.edu.cn](zch@cuit.edu.cn)  \n25  \n26  \n27  \n28  \n29  \n[https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-4069](https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-4069)[ ](https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-4069)Preprint. Discussion started: 16 January 2025 􀀍c Author(s) 2025 . CC BY 4.0 License.  \n30 Abstract  \n31 Cloud microphysics and dynamics produce lightning flashes, which can be detected as polarimetric  \n32 structures by radar. Many studies have indicated that differential reflectivity (ZDR) and specific  \n33 differential phase (KDP) columns, which serve as proxies for updraft strength, are related to lightning  \n34 activity; moreover, the quantities of ice and supercooled liquid water strongly influence the  \n35 occurrence of lightning flashes via noninductive charging. However, few studies have focused on  \n36 clarifying the sequence or interactions among these factors from the perspective of the cloud life  \n37 cycle. Here, we establish the ‘3D mapping columns’ method, which is based on the Cartesian grid  \n38 datasets; this method is sensitive for identifying and quantifying the ZDR columns in the early phase  \n39 of cloud formation. Our study bridges the polarimetric structure and lightning activity within an  \n40 isolated thunderstorm during the cloud life cycle. The results indicate that i) the parameter most  \n41 relevant to total flashes/cloud-to-ground flashes is the content of supercooled rainwater/graupel. ii)  \n42 The onset of the ZDR column can be used to forecast lightning initiation in advance. iii) The  \n43 signatures of the ZDR and KDP columns should be complementary and used to retrieve dynamic  \n44 information instead of lightning activity. Notably, the variation in the ZH intensity within ZDR  \n45 columns has high potential for predicting lightning activity during the cloud life cycle, which is  \n46 valuable for exploration in the future. Our study improves the overall understanding of cloud  \n47 microphysics and lightning activity, and suggestions for using these multiple polarimetric signatures  \n48 to forecast severe weather are provided.  \n49 Short summary  \n50 Lightning activity is highly related to the signatures of polarimetric radar on the basis of cloud  \n51 electrification physics. However, few studies have focused on bridging the polarimetric structure  \n52 and lightning activity during the cloud life cycle. Here, we evaluated the sequence and interactions  \n53","cbCaieu74LF9uSfz","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaieu74LF9uSfz","pdf",6340721,31,"English","# Abstract\n# 1. Introduction\n## Lightning as an indicator of severe weather\n## Polarimetric radar links dynamics and microphysics\n## Study motivation and context","[{\"question\":\"What polarimetric radar quantities are used to relate to lightning activity in this study?\",\"answer\":\"The study focuses on differential reflectivity (ZDR) and specific differential phase (KDP) columns as proxies connected to storm dynamics and microphysics, and evaluates their behavior during the cloud life cycle.\"},{\"question\":\"What is the main purpose of the “3D mapping columns” method?\",\"answer\":\"It is designed to identify and quantify ZDR columns during the early phase of cloud formation using Cartesian grid datasets, improving the connection between polarimetric structure and lightning activity.\"},{\"question\":\"What do the results suggest for forecasting lightning initiation during the cloud life cycle?\",\"answer\":\"They indicate that the onset of the ZDR column can forecast lightning initiation in advance, and that changes in ZH intensity within ZDR columns have potential for predicting lightning activity across the cloud life cycle.\"}]","Bridging the polarimetric structure and lightning activity of an isolated thunderstorm during the cloud life cycle | PDF",78]