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Cellular disturbances in leukemia drive pathophysiological processes that are central to ongoing research. Sulfur metabolism is highlighted through key enzymes—including cystathionine beta-synthase and sulfurtransferases such as thiosulfate sulfurtransferase, 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase, and cystathionine gamma-lyase—supporting homeostasis, antioxidant defense, and cell division. Evidence from studies and online datasets indicates leukemia-specific changes in sulfur enzyme expression and activity compared with normal leukocytes, guiding new therapeutic pathways.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/bridging-the-gap-in-cancer-research-sulfur-metabolism-of-leukemic-cells-with-a-focus-on-l-cysteine-metabolism-and-hydrogen-sulfide-producing-enzymes/328414/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/bridging-the-gap-in-cancer-research-sulfur-metabolism-of-leukemic-cells-with-a-focus-on-l-cysteine-metabolism-and-hydrogen-sulfide-producing-enzymes/328414.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Liam","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-09-21",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":29},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"Why is sulfur metabolism important in leukemia research?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Leukemia cells exhibit disturbances in cellular machinery, and sulfur metabolism supports homeostasis, antioxidant defenses, and cell division. Changes in sulfur enzyme expression and activity can reveal potential vulnerabilities for therapy.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Which enzymes are emphasized as central to hydrogen sulfide (H2S) metabolism?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The text highlights cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS), cystathionine gamma-lyase (CTH), and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (MPST), which are commonly viewed as principal for H2S production.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What role does L-cysteine play in cellular function and antioxidant protection?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"L-cysteine contains a thiol group crucial for maintaining redox equilibrium and is a foundational element for major antioxidants such as glutathione, along with related redox systems including glutaredoxins, thioredoxins, and peroxiredoxins.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},328414,1790342600,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":29,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},8796095461564,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d","biomolecules  \nReview  \nBridging the Gap in Cancer Research: Sulfur Metabolism of Leukemic Cells with a Focus on L-Cysteine Metabolism and Hydrogen Sulfide-Producing Enzymes  \nKonrad Kaleta 1, Klaudia Janik 2, Leszek Rydz 2, Maria Wróbel 2 and Halina Jurkowska 2, *  \nCitation: Kaleta, K.; Janik, K.; Rydz, L.; Wróbel, M.; Jurkowska, H.  \nBridging the Gap in Cancer Research: Sulfur Metabolism of Leukemic Cells with a Focus on L-Cysteine Metabolism and Hydrogen SulfideProducing Enzymes. Biomolecules 2024, 14, 746. [https://doi.org/](https://doi.org/)[ ](https://doi.org/)[10.3390/biom14070746](10.3390/biom14070746)  \n1 Students’ Scientific Group of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 7 Kopernika St., 31-034 Krakow, Poland; [konrad.kaleta@student.uj.edu.pl](konrad.kaleta@student.uj.edu.pl)  \n2 Chair of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 7 Kopernika St., 31-034 Krakow, Poland; [klaudia.janik9768@gmail.com](klaudia.janik9768@gmail.com) (K.J.); [leszek.rydz@uj.edu.pl](leszek.rydz@uj.edu.pl) (L.R.); [mtk.wrobel@uj.edu.pl](mtk.wrobel@uj.edu.pl) (M.W.)  \n* [Correspondence: halina.jurkowska@uj.edu.pl](Correspondence: halina.jurkowska@uj.edu.pl); Tel.: +48-12-422-74-00  \nAbstract: Leukemias are cancers of the blood-forming system, representing a significant challenge in medical science. The development of leukemia cells involves substantial disturbances within the cellular machinery, offering hope in the search for effective selective treatments that could improve the 5-year survival rate. Consequently, the pathophysiological processes within leukemia cells are the focus of critical research. Enzymes such as cystathionine beta-synthase and sulfurtransferases like thiosulfate sulfurtransferase, 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase, and cystathionine gamma-lyase play a vital role in cellular sulfur metabolism. These enzymes are essential to maintaining cellular homeostasis, providing robust antioxidant defenses, and supporting cell division. Numerous studies have demonstrated that cancerous processes can alter the expression and activity of these enzymes, uncovering potential vulnerabilities or molecular targets for cancer therapy. Recent laboratory research has indicated that certain leukemia cell lines may exhibit significant changes in the expression patterns of these enzymes. Analysis of the scientific literature and online datasets has confirmed variations in sulfur enzyme function in specific leukemic cell lines compared to normal leukocytes. This comprehensive review collects and analyzes available information on sulfur enzymes in normal and leukemic cell lines, providing valuable insights and identifying new research pathways in this field.  \nKeywords: leukemia; leukocytes; L-cysteine; sulfurtransferases; cystathionine beta-synthase; antioxidants  \n1. Introduction  \nAcademic Editor: Javier Leon  \nReceived: 17 May 2024  \nRevised: 12 June 2024  \nAccepted: 19 June 2024  \nPublished: 24 June 2024  \nCopyright: © 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ([https://](https://)[ ](https://)[creativecommons.org/licenses/by/](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[ ](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[4.0/](4.0/)) .  \nSulfurtransferases (EC 2.8.1.) are enzymes that transfer sulfur-containing groups from a sulfur donor to a nucleophilic sulfur acceptor. These enzymes have been the subject of interest for decades within our department. One of the most notable members of this group, 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (MPST, EC [2.8.1.2](2.8.1.2)), is closely linked to human sulfur metabolism. MPST, along with cysteine aminotransferase (CAT, EC 2.6.1.3), and cystathionine γ-lyase (CTH, EC [4.4.1.1](4.4.1.1)) play a key role in hydrogen sulfide (H 2S) metabolism. H2S is a signaling gaseous transmitter that was di","cbCaisrLDYeHWiAh","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaisrLDYeHWiAh","pdf",4100992,32,"English","# Introduction\n## Sulfurtransferases and H2S metabolism\n## Cysteine metabolism and antioxidant defenses","[{\"question\":\"Why is sulfur metabolism important in leukemia research?\",\"answer\":\"Leukemia cells exhibit disturbances in cellular machinery, and sulfur metabolism supports homeostasis, antioxidant defenses, and cell division. Changes in sulfur enzyme expression and activity can reveal potential vulnerabilities for therapy.\"},{\"question\":\"Which enzymes are emphasized as central to hydrogen sulfide (H2S) metabolism?\",\"answer\":\"The text highlights cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS), cystathionine gamma-lyase (CTH), and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (MPST), which are commonly viewed as principal for H2S production.\"},{\"question\":\"What role does L-cysteine play in cellular function and antioxidant protection?\",\"answer\":\"L-cysteine contains a thiol group crucial for maintaining redox equilibrium and is a foundational element for major antioxidants such as glutathione, along with related redox systems including glutaredoxins, thioredoxins, and peroxiredoxins.\"}]","Bridging the Gap in Cancer Research: Sulfur Metabolism of Leukemic Cells with a Focus on L-Cysteine Metabolism and Hydrogen Sulfide-Producing Enzymes | PDF",1789979646,81]