[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-456303-105":59,"doc-detail-456303-en":131},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":124,"head_meta":126,"extra_data":128,"updated_unix":130},105,"en","bridging-genomics-and-practice-rethinking-genetic-counseling-in-glaucoma","Bridging Genomics and Practice - Rethinking Genetic Counseling in Glaucoma","","Glaucoma affects an estimated 111 million people by 2040 and is increasingly understood through monogenic and polygenic genetics. The article argues that genetic counseling must move beyond a secondary academic activity and become a core, context-adapted element of precision ophthalmic care. It reviews how genomic architecture has shifted toward polygenic risk scores, outlines clinical uses such as diagnosis confirmation and risk stratification, and details translational barriers and ethics. It proposes layered adoption strategies across high-, middle-, and low-income settings.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/bridging-genomics-and-practice-rethinking-genetic-counseling-in-glaucoma/456303/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/bridging-genomics-and-practice-rethinking-genetic-counseling-in-glaucoma/456303.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Well Done","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-10","2026-09-30",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",15,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"How does the article describe the shift in glaucoma genetics over the past decade?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"It describes a move from high-penetrance mutations to polygenic risk scores and gene–environment interplay, with both childhood/juvenile and adult primary open-angle glaucoma reflecting complex inheritance.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"What barriers limit routine genetic counseling in glaucoma care?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"Key barriers include limited availability of trained genetic counselors, variability in laboratory reporting standards, unclear cost-effectiveness, and uncertain clinical actionability of variants of uncertain significance (VUS).",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"How should genetic counseling adoption differ across economic settings?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"The article recommends high-income settings focusing on robust clinical pathways and precision tools, middle-income strategies using hybrid testing and telegenetics links, and low-income approaches prioritizing high-risk groups and structured screening, referral, and family counseling.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},456303,1791098791,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":81,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":39,"preview_page_count":4},5909892210082,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/56001069da27c9f41e8?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1789614185077863061","EDITORIAL  \nBridging Genomics and Practice: Rethinking Genetic Counseling in Glaucoma  \nShibal Bhartiya1, Aakriti Aggarwal2, Rima Dada3  \nJournal of Current Glaucoma Practice (2025): 10.5005/jp-journals-10078-1503  \nGlaucoma remains one of the most formidable causes of irreversible blindness globally, affecting an estimated 111 million people by 2040.1 Genetic research has revealed a rich and expanding landscape of monogenic and polygenic contributors to glaucoma.2 Yet the translation into routine genetic counseling (GC) and clinical pathways remains sporadic. GC in glaucoma must evolve from an academic afterthought to a core component of precision ophthalmic care, adapted to varied health-economic settings and anchored in patient autonomy.  \nthe genomic evolution of glaucoma  \nOver the past decade, the genetic architecture of glaucoma has moved beyond high-penetrance mutations (e.g., MYOC, OPTN, TBK1) into polygenic risk scores (PRS) and gene–environment interplay.3–7 Studies of childhood and juvenile glaucoma document high yields (e.g., CYP1B1 variants) while adult primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) reflects complex, multifactorial inheritance.8 A recent systematic review of childhood glaucoma-associated genes described 53 genes across 196 studies, highlighting the breadth of genomic variation.7  \nGenetic insights have several potential uses: (1) confirming diagnosis in early-onset or syndromic glaucoma; (2) stratifying risk of progression; (3) guiding family screening; and (4) potentially tailoring therapies (e.g., future gene-or cell-based treatments).4,9 Despite this, PRS are not yet routinely used to guide decision making in glaucoma.5,9  \nfrom DiScovery to Delivery: the current tranSlational gaP  \nDespite robust research, integration of GC into ophthalmic practice is limited. Barriers include lack of trained genetic counselors, variability in laboratory reporting standards, unclear cost-effectiveness, and uncertain actionability of many variants of uncertain significance (VUS).10 The global burden of glaucoma is greatest in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs)—where age-standardized disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) are higher and resources scarcer.1,11 In such settings, genetic services often lie outside mainstream eye care, while in high-income countries (HICs) the challenge is defining robust clinical pathways for GC uptake in ophthalmology.  \nEthical challenges abound—how to counsel patients when a genetic result may not change immediate treatment; how to manage cascade testing in resource-limited settings; and how to deal with genetic stigma or consanguinity.5,9 Without structured frameworks, the promise of genetically informed glaucoma care risks becoming a luxury rather than a strategy.  \n1Department of Ophthalmology, Preventive Health and Wellness, Marengo Asia International Institute of Neurosciences and Spine, Marengo Asia Hospitals, Gurugram, Haryana, India; Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, United States  \n2Department of Medical Genetics and Genetic Counselling, Marengo Asia Hospitals, Gurugram, Haryana, India  \n3Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India  \nCorrespondingAuthor:ShibalBhartiya,DepartmentofOphthalmology, Preventive Health and Wellness, Marengo Asia International Institute of Neurosciences and Spine, Marengo Asia Hospitals, Gurugram, Haryana, India; Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, United States, Phone:  \n+91 9818700269, e-mail: [shibalbhartiya@gmail.com](shibalbhartiya@gmail.com)  \nHow to cite this article: Bhartiya S, Aggarwal A, Dada R. Bridging Genomics and Practice: Rethinking Genetic Counseling in Glaucoma. J Curr Glaucoma Pract 2025;19(4):155–157 .  \nSource of support: Nil  \nConflict of interest: None  \nPoPulation StrategieS acroSS economic Strata High-income Countries  \nIn settings with advanced infrastructure, integrating GC into glaucoma care offers the highest immediate potential for precision. Strategies include predictive modeling combi","cbCairGSZ7U68Syk","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCairGSZ7U68Syk","pdf",202528,"English","# The genomic evolution of glaucoma\n# From Discovery to Delivery: the current translational gap\n# Population strategies across economic strata\n## High-income countries\n## Middle-income countries\n## Low-income countries","[{\"question\":\"How does the article describe the shift in glaucoma genetics over the past decade?\",\"answer\":\"It describes a move from high-penetrance mutations to polygenic risk scores and gene–environment interplay, with both childhood/juvenile and adult primary open-angle glaucoma reflecting complex inheritance.\"},{\"question\":\"What barriers limit routine genetic counseling in glaucoma care?\",\"answer\":\"Key barriers include limited availability of trained genetic counselors, variability in laboratory reporting standards, unclear cost-effectiveness, and uncertain clinical actionability of variants of uncertain significance (VUS).\"},{\"question\":\"How should genetic counseling adoption differ across economic settings?\",\"answer\":\"The article recommends high-income settings focusing on robust clinical pathways and precision tools, middle-income strategies using hybrid testing and telegenetics links, and low-income approaches prioritizing high-risk groups and structured screening, referral, and family counseling.\"}]","Bridging Genomics and Practice - Rethinking Genetic Counseling in Glaucoma | PDF",1790745511]