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Drawing on episodes of Islamophobia and broader patterns of political polarization, the author connects public events to student attitudes in an American Literature course. Through discussion-driven classroom design and revised reading lists, the work proposes incorporating diverse selections to address contemporary issues and make cultural diversity a core course tenet.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":15,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/literature/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/bridge-over-xenophobia-using-literary-choices-to-encourage-tolerance/576178/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/bridge-over-xenophobia-using-literary-choices-to-encourage-tolerance/576178.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Jiven","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-19","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":14},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"Why does the author connect contemporary rhetoric with diversity education?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The author’s approach to diversity was reshaped by the 2016 election era’s rhetorical incivility and disturbing local incidents, leading to the belief that teaching must address contemporary issues through literature.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What classroom change does the author propose after experiencing Islamophobia and xenophobia?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The author proposes revising the traditional literary canon by meaningfully incorporating diverse selections so that cultural diversity becomes central to literature course discussions.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How does the author describe the setting and structure of the literature course?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The author focuses on an American Literature course (from 1870) with interactive, discussion-based classes, where controversial opinions can emerge and lead to both polite disagreement and intolerance toward different views.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},576178,1792440759,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":14,"category_name":15,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":14,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},1099513958607,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/100002390cf8733938c?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1778829742770036399","Bridge over Xenophobia: Using Literary Choices to Encourage Tolerance  \nK. Blaine Wall  \nPensacola State College  \nPrior to the 2016 Presidential Election, I had given cursory consideration to the role that I, a college English professor, played in diversity education. I had always made it a point to include as many diverse voices and perspectives as possible in my course reading lists, but my approach to diversity would be forever changed following the seemingly never-ending election cycle where the political and social fragmentation produced a level of rhetorical incivility unseen in recent years. The attack language, often hurled at minority groups, coupled with several disturbing events that happened near my hometown, lead to a pedagogical epiphany for me: I must revise the traditional literary canon by meaningfully incorporating diverse selections in my literature courses that serve as springboard for discussing contemporary issues, thereby making cultural diversity a central tenant of my courses.  \nTrouble on the Homefront  \nPrint, broadcast, and web-based news outlets are filled with examples of racial injustice on a daily basis, yet somehow, these acts are often overlooked when news coverage does not focus on injustice that is happening in one’s own backyard. In December 2015, local media covered the story of Yasmin Saunders, a military wife who happens to be Muslim, and a fellow  \nshopper at a local grocery store in northwest Florida (Humphrey) . While shopping with her parents and two-year old baby brother, a stranger approached and tossed a package of bacon into her shopping cart, narrowly missing her brother. “Merry Christmas, buddy,” the man said. Saunders turned and asked the stranger why he threw the bacon in her cart. “Because I can!” he exclaims.  \nThe very next month, January 2016, former Office of Special investigations agent Dave Gaubatz published a blog portraying a twenty-year old mosque in a neighboring panhandle town, as being an incubator of terrorist activity. Gaubatz visited the Islamic Da’wah Center the day before speaking about “Islamic terrorist events” at a gathering entitled “Understanding Refugee Resettlement”(qtd. in McLaughlin) . Following his visit, Gaubatz wrote “My friends in Fort Walton and the surrounding area are surrounded by ISIS members/supporters who are living, working, and spreading the same ideology as ISIS advocates in Syria and around the world. Mosque leaders released a statement reading in part “We consider ISIS to be a terrorist organization which is determined to destroy the world; Muslims and non-Muslims alike, and Isis should be eliminated.”  \nThese two examples of Islamophobia are not unique to the Florida panhandle, my home for the last fifteen years, but the amount of coverage the incidents received did serve as wake-up call to me that racist and xenophobic ideologies must be confronted. The area is predominantly conservative, white, and Christian, and the events described above happened against a backdrop of fear, distrust, and even hatred propagated in part by candidates for political office. During the 2016 presidential primaries, two candidates for the Republican presidential nomination declared  \nwar on Muslim immigrants; businessman Donald Trump’s campaign tweeted \"Donald J. Trump is calling for a total and complete shutdown of Muslims entering the United States until our country's representatives can figure out what is going on.” Texas Senator Ted Cruz proposed a religious test for immigrants where Muslim immigrants would be turned away while Christian immigrants would be allowed to enter the country. After his election to the presidency, Trump enacted controversial travel bans that some say unfairly targeted Muslim-majority nations—bans that were ultimately upheld in a 5-4 decision by the Supreme Court in 2018. While these examples highlight a fear and disapproval of Islam, it could be argued that on a macrocosmic level, all three incidents are actually a fear ","cbCaicbPcVqdePhp","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaicbPcVqdePhp","pdf",187080,23,"English","# Trouble on the Homefront\n# Responding to Xenophobia in the Classroom\n## American Literature course focus\n## Student attitudes and classroom discussion","[{\"question\":\"Why does the author connect contemporary rhetoric with diversity education?\",\"answer\":\"The author’s approach to diversity was reshaped by the 2016 election era’s rhetorical incivility and disturbing local incidents, leading to the belief that teaching must address contemporary issues through literature.\"},{\"question\":\"What classroom change does the author propose after experiencing Islamophobia and xenophobia?\",\"answer\":\"The author proposes revising the traditional literary canon by meaningfully incorporating diverse selections so that cultural diversity becomes central to literature course discussions.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the author describe the setting and structure of the literature course?\",\"answer\":\"The author focuses on an American Literature course (from 1870) with interactive, discussion-based classes, where controversial opinions can emerge and lead to both polite disagreement and intolerance toward different views.\"}]","Bridge over Xenophobia - Using Literary Choices to Encourage Tolerance | PDF",1792029282,35]