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A New Refrain for NGOs","","讨论在社会倡议语境中如何借用《Bridge over Troubled Water》的意象来阐释非政府组织（NGOs）的多重形象。文章以作者在比较教育研究中的既有观点为基础，指出“新的伟大组织”与“有损公共民主”的对照取决于观察视角。进一步从三方面扩展分析：NGOs作为跨国理念传播的“接收点”、NGOs在制度位置变迁中的作用，以及以AED为例的复杂合作与外包情境带来的正负评价差异。",{"@graph":69,"@context":126},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/bridge-over-blackened-water-a-new-refrain-for-ngos/600537/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/bridge-over-blackened-water-a-new-refrain-for-ngos/600537.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"OmBimo","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-29","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":14},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118,122],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"文章如何用《Bridge over Troubled Water》的歌词来讨论NGOs形象？","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"文章认为歌词中的“bridge over troubled water”可被用来推广NGOs的“新的伟大组织”形象：NGOs像桥一样帮助需要帮助的人跨越饥饿、疾病、贫困或教育不足等困境。","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"作者为什么强调“视角不同，NGOs的理解也不同”？",{"text":117,"@type":113},"作者指出对NGOs的判断取决于观察者的视角，因此讨论重点是扩展分析而非简单修订。文章进一步把“privatized democracy”的偏好与“no good organizations”的批评形成对照。",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"文章提出的第一个发展重点是什么？",{"text":121,"@type":113},"第一个发展聚焦作者在期刊编辑与学术研究中的经验：NGOs与政府间组织/国际NGOs可以作为跨国理念传播的“receptor sites”，并在理念扩散与实践动员中发挥作用。",{"name":123,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":124},"AED案例在文章中用来说明什么问题？",{"text":125,"@type":113},"文章用AED说明NGOs的运作环境更复杂：其国际教育活动常在双边、多边、政府部门与企业的合同框架下进行，因此不同利益相关者可能对其产生正面或负面评价，并在具体项目（如技术援助）上体现出张力。","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":128,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":130,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":132,"site_id":62},600537,1792900631,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":135},{"doc_id":132,"user_id":136,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":137,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":138,"file_id":139,"file_url":140,"file_type":141,"file_size":142,"view_count":14,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":19,"language":143,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":144,"faqs":145,"seo_title":146,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":147,"read_time":52},962090893581,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c","Bridge over Black[ened] Water: A New Refrain for NGOs  \nMark Ginsburg  \nGlobal Education Center, Academy for Educational Development Department of International Educational Policy, University of Maryland  \nIn 1970, Paul Simon  \nTroubled Water.”[1]  \nand Art Garfunkel released their award-winning album,“Bridge over Although the album’s title song was not produced as part of a social  \nmarketing campaign for nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), its lyrics seem well-suited for that purpose. For example, the first verse and refrain state:  \nWhen you’re weary, feeling small  \nWhen tears are in your eyes,  \nI will dry them all  \nI’m on your side  \nWhen times get rough  \nAnd friends just can’t be found  \nLike a bridge over troubled water  \nI will lay me down  \nLike a bridge over troubled water  \nI will lay me down (Simon and Garfunkel, 1970)  \nIn particular, the lyrics above could be used to promote one of the images of NGOs – those “new great organizations” – that I mentioned in my contribution to the first issue of Current Issues in Comparative Education (Ginsburg 1998) . Such NGOs could be described metaphorically as abridge, available to help people in need to cross over, whether the troubled water refers to hunger, disease, poverty, or inadequate education. The conception of NGOs as “new great organizations”is informed by a preference for “privatized” democracy (see Sehr, 1997), and can be contrasted with a view of NGOs as “no good organizations,” which undermine opportunities for people to engage in “public” democratic (Sehr, 1997) processes to shape state policy and action. Simon and Garfunkel’s song is less likely to support this latter image of NGOs, however, unless the troubled water is seen as the workings of authoritarian and corrupt states.  \nI still feel comfortable with what I wrote ten years ago, that how one views NGOs depends on one’s perspective, and thus my reflections here will focus more on extending the analysis, rather than revising it. I will do this by considering three relatively recent developments, which indifferent ways have provoked me to keep wrestling with the question posed in that 1998 article:“what’s in an acronym?”  \nThe first development connects to my activity as a journal editor and a scholar. In working with David Suarez on his manuscript that was eventually published in the Comparative Education Review, I came to appreciate how intergovernmental organizations (IGOs) and international nongovernmental organizations (INGOs) can serve as “receptor sites for transnational ideas… promot[ing] and diffus[ing] …global models at the national level”(Suarez, 2007, p. 53). Building on Suarez’s analysis of the role of NGOsin developing and diffusing ideas and practices inhuman rights education, Mayumi Terano and I analyzed the role of NGOs in mobilizing participation in UNESCO’s Culture of Peace Programme, specifically in India and Japan (Terrano and Ginsburg,  \n© 2008 Current Issues in Comparative Education, Teachers College, Columbia University, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Current Issues in Comparative Education, Vol. 10(1/2): 6-9.  \nMark Ginsburg  \n2008). Through this activity, I encountered further evidence to support a positive image of NGOs. Here are cases where NGOs are playing a “great” role – promoting human rights education and encouraging people to organize their lives in support of peace. Moreover, they are doing this sometimes in coordination with an intergovernmental organization or a nation-state, though their efforts are sometimes focused on the non-human rights and non-peaceful agendas of some nation-states.  \nThe second development has been associated with changes in the institutional location of my professional work. Between 1976, when I received my doctorate, and 2004, when I began working on the Education Reform Program in Egypt, I based my professional life in universities. Most recently, in September 2006, I took upa position atthe headquarters of the Academy for Educational Development (AE","cbCaibC0Eg4JNkId","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaibC0Eg4JNkId","pdf",147647,"English","# NGOs的隐喻与两种形象\n## 歌词意象：从“troubled water”到组织价值\n## 作者延伸分析的研究路径（回应“what’s in an acronym?”）\n## 发展一：NGOs作为跨国理念的“接收点”\n## 发展二：专业工作制度位置的变化与AED案例\n## 发展三：合同制与多方利益相关者的张力","[{\"question\":\"文章如何用《Bridge over Troubled Water》的歌词来讨论NGOs形象？\",\"answer\":\"文章认为歌词中的“bridge over troubled water”可被用来推广NGOs的“新的伟大组织”形象：NGOs像桥一样帮助需要帮助的人跨越饥饿、疾病、贫困或教育不足等困境。\"},{\"question\":\"作者为什么强调“视角不同，NGOs的理解也不同”？\",\"answer\":\"作者指出对NGOs的判断取决于观察者的视角，因此讨论重点是扩展分析而非简单修订。文章进一步把“privatized democracy”的偏好与“no good organizations”的批评形成对照。\"},{\"question\":\"文章提出的第一个发展重点是什么？\",\"answer\":\"第一个发展聚焦作者在期刊编辑与学术研究中的经验：NGOs与政府间组织/国际NGOs可以作为跨国理念传播的“receptor sites”，并在理念扩散与实践动员中发挥作用。\"},{\"question\":\"AED案例在文章中用来说明什么问题？\",\"answer\":\"文章用AED说明NGOs的运作环境更复杂：其国际教育活动常在双边、多边、政府部门与企业的合同框架下进行，因此不同利益相关者可能对其产生正面或负面评价，并在具体项目（如技术援助）上体现出张力。\"}]","Bridge over Black[ened] Water - A New Refrain for NGOs | PDF",1792090891]