[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-181987-105":59,"doc-detail-181987-en":134},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":127,"head_meta":129,"extra_data":131,"updated_unix":133},105,"en","breeding-handling-birdcare-traits","Breeding & handling - Birdcare traits","","Breeding & handling guidance links key birdcare traits to availability and abundance in Australian trade. The material outlines annual fecundity, body mass, and required level of care as predictors of how accessible a species is to the public. It also evaluates mutations and hand-raising presence for desirability effects, then connects provenance, geographic range size, and median price with perceived rarity and market abundance. Appearance and behaviour measures include song complexity, plumage colour elaboration, and an encephalization-based intelligence proxy.",{"@graph":69,"@context":126},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/breeding-handling-birdcare-traits/181987/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/breeding-handling-birdcare-traits/181987.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Sage","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-17","2026-09-02",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":52},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118,122],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"How does annual fecundity relate to bird abundance in captivity trade?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Higher annual fecundity can yield more individuals available for sale, increasing total abundance in the described framework.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What role does the recommended level of care play in availability?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Species that require more experience to keep may be less accessible to the public, leading to lower abundance.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How are colour mutations and hand-raised status connected to desirability?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Colour mutations available in trade can make a species “collectable,” increasing abundance. Hand-raised birds are suggested to be more desirable companion animals, and the text notes that no songbirds were hand raised.",{"name":123,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":124},"Which appearance and behaviour factors are used to predict attractiveness and abundance?",{"text":125,"@type":113},"Song complexity, plumage colour elaboration scores, and an encephalization-quotient intelligence estimate are used as proxies for attractiveness, which is then linked to abundance.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":128,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":130,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":132,"site_id":62},181987,1788346727,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":135},{"doc_id":132,"user_id":136,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":137,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":138,"file_id":139,"file_url":140,"file_type":141,"file_size":142,"view_count":52,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":56,"language":143,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":144,"faqs":145,"seo_title":146,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":133,"read_time":147,"preview_page_count":4},687197207057,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_29158cc5080c5b710cf443261637dec0","| |  |  |  |  |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Breeding & handling |  |  |  |  |\n| Annual fecundity | Birdcare total eggs Average number of\u003Cbr>eggs produced each year in captivity, according to an online birdkeeping guide Birdcare. |  |  | Species with a higher reproductive output may have more individuals available for sale, increasing total abundance (Toomes et a l. 2022) . |\n| Body mass Myhrvoldet al.(2015) |  | grams Average mass of species for males and females. |  | Birds with higher body mass are often described as more attractive, suggesting they will be more abundant (Romero-Vidalet al. 2020; Siriwat and Nijman 2020) . |\n| Level of care | Birdcare 1\u003Cbr>(beginner) to 4\u003Cbr>(specialist) |  | Level of experience recommended for keeping species, according to the online birdkeeping guide. | Birds that require more experience to keep may be less accessible to the public, and therefore less abundant (Vallllosera and Cassey 2017c) . |\n| Mutations Birdcare presence If colour mutations\u003Cbr>are present in Australian trade, according to the online birdkeeping guide. |  |  |  | Species which can have colour\u003Cbr>mutations available may be\u003Cbr>viewed as “collectable”, making\u003Cbr>the species more abundant\u003Cbr>(Chan et al. 2021) . |\n| Hand\u003Cbr>raised | Calculated presence |  | If hand-raised birds were present in the dataset. | Species which can be handraised may be seen as more desirable companion animals, and more abundant. No songbirds were hand raised. |\n| Trade & availability |  |  |  |  |\n| Provenance BirdLife Working List of Australian Birds |  | native or alien | If the species has a native range within Australia. | Alien species may be perceived as “rare” and more abundant. |\n| Range size Handbook of the Birds of the World |  | km2 | Total geographic range size for the species, including invasive populations. | Species with smaller range sizes may be perceived as “rarer” and more desirable and abundant (Toomes et a l. 2022) . |\n| Median\u003Cbr>price | Calculated $AUD Median price of all\u003Cbr>sales for each species in dataset. |  |  | Cheaper species may be more accessible to the public, and therefore more abundant. |\n\n\n| |  |  |  |  |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Appearance & behaviour |  |  |  |  |\n| Song\u003Cbr>complexity | Xeno\u003Cbr>Canto | total unique birdsong\u003Cbr>recordings | Total number of unique recordings on birdsong repository (Blackburn et al. 2014) . | Species with more complex songs may be more perceived as more attractive and, thus, increase their abundance (Garnett et al. 2018) . |\n| Plumage colour | Dale et al.(2015)\u003Cbr>and Carballo et al.(2020) | colour elaboration score | Colour elaboration scores of male birds. | More colourful birds may be more attractive, and therefore more abundant (Chan et al. 2021) . |\n| Intelligence | Tsuboi et\u003Cbr>al. (2018) | enceph alization quotient (EQ) | The brain to body mass ratio can be used as a rough estimate for intelligence (Jerison 1955) . | More intelligent birds, which have a greater ability to learn tricks and behaviours, may be more abundant (Chan et al. 2021) . |","cbCaihH40hMJGW47","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaihH40hMJGW47","pdf",943503,"English","# Breeding & handling\n## Annual fecundity\n## Body mass\n## Level of care\n## Mutations\n## Hand raised\n# Trade & availability\n## Provenance\n## Range size\n## Median price\n# Appearance & behaviour\n## Song complexity\n## Plumage colour\n## Intelligence","[{\"question\":\"How does annual fecundity relate to bird abundance in captivity trade?\",\"answer\":\"Higher annual fecundity can yield more individuals available for sale, increasing total abundance in the described framework.\"},{\"question\":\"What role does the recommended level of care play in availability?\",\"answer\":\"Species that require more experience to keep may be less accessible to the public, leading to lower abundance.\"},{\"question\":\"How are colour mutations and hand-raised status connected to desirability?\",\"answer\":\"Colour mutations available in trade can make a species “collectable,” increasing abundance. Hand-raised birds are suggested to be more desirable companion animals, and the text notes that no songbirds were hand raised.\"},{\"question\":\"Which appearance and behaviour factors are used to predict attractiveness and abundance?\",\"answer\":\"Song complexity, plumage colour elaboration scores, and an encephalization-quotient intelligence estimate are used as proxies for attractiveness, which is then linked to abundance.\"}]","Breeding & handling - Birdcare traits | PDF",48]