[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-378363-105":59,"doc-detail-378363-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","breast-imaging-physics-in-mammography-part-i-review","Breast Imaging Physics in Mammography (Part I) - Review","","Breast imaging physics in mammography focuses on how physical principles enable reliable early detection of breast cancer. Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed neoplasm in women in Italy, with multiple risk factors including age, hormonal and metabolic influences, prior radiotherapy, and family history. Screening improves the likelihood of conservative surgery and more effective therapy, while advanced technology is required for quality diagnoses. Mammography remains the gold standard, using X-ray interactions to distinguish normal and cancerous tissue.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/breast-imaging-physics-in-mammography-part-i-review/378363/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/breast-imaging-physics-in-mammography-part-i-review/378363.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"McGucket","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-09-28","2026-09-24",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":81},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is the main purpose of Part I on breast imaging physics in mammography?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"It explains the physical principles used in mammography and how a mammogram is composed to obtain diagnostic images.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Why is regular screening emphasized for breast cancer detection?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Regular screening is essential because it helps diagnose most cancers at an early stage, when surgical treatment can often be conservative and therapy is more effective.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How does mammography achieve early detection of breast cancer?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Mammography uses X-rays so that different tissue structures can be observed, distinguishing normal tissue from cancerous tissue with high sensitivity.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},378363,1790271017,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":81,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},1236954412713,"https://us-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_29158cc5080c5b710cf443261637dec0","diagnostics  \nReview  \nBreast Imaging Physics in Mammography (Part I)  \nNoemi Fico 1, *, Graziella Di Grezia 2, Vincenzo Cuccurullo 3, Antonio Alessandro Helliot Salvia 4, Aniello Iacomino 5, Antonella Sciarra 6 and Gianluca Gatta 4  \nCitation: Fico, N.; Di Grezia, G.; Cuccurullo, V.; Salvia, A.A.H.; Iacomino, A.; Sciarra, A.; Gatta, G. Breast Imaging Physics in Mammography (Part I) . Diagnostics 2023, 13, 3227. [https://doi.org/](https://doi.org/)[ ](https://doi.org/)[10.3390/diagnostics13203227](10.3390/diagnostics13203227)  \nAcademic Editor: Sung Chul Lim  \nReceived: 19 September 2023  \nAccepted: 4 October 2023  \nPublished: 17 October 2023  \nCopyright: © 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ([https://](https://)[ ](https://)[creativecommons.org/licenses/by/](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[ ](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[4.0/](4.0/)) .  \n1 Department of Physics Ettore Pancini, Universit di Napoli Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy  \n2 Radiology Division, ASL Avellino, 83100 Avellino, Italy; [graziella.digrezia@gmail.com](graziella.digrezia@gmail.com)  \n3 Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Precision Medicine, Universit della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 81100 Napoli, Italy; [vincenzo.cuccurullo@unicampania.it](vincenzo.cuccurullo@unicampania.it)  \n4 Department of Precision Medicine, Universit della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 81100 Napoli, Italy; [antoniosalvia89@gmail.com](antoniosalvia89@gmail.com) (A.A.H.S.); [gianluca.gatta@unicampania.it](gianluca.gatta@unicampania.it) (G.G.)  \n5 Department of Human Science, Guglielmo Marconi University, 00193 Rome, Italy; nelloiacomino@libero.it  \n6 Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Napoli, Italy; [antonella.sciarra@unicampania.it](antonella.sciarra@unicampania.it)  \n* Correspondence: noemifi[co@gmail.com](co@gmail.com)  \nAbstract: Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed neoplasm in women in Italy. There are several risk factors, but thanks to screening and increased awareness, most breast cancers are diagnosed at an early stage when surgical treatment can most often be conservative and the adopted therapy is more effective. Regular screening is essential but advanced technology is needed to achieve quality diagnoses. Mammography is the gold standard for early detection of breast cancer. It is a specialized technique for detecting breast cancer and, thus, distinguishing normal tissue from cancerous breast tissue. Mammography techniques are based on physical principles: through the proper use of X-rays, the structures of different tissues can be observed. This first part of the paper attempts to explain the physical principles used in mammography. In particular, we will see how a mammogram is composed and what physical principles are used to obtain diagnostic images.  \nKeywords: breast imaging; medical physics; mammography; breast cancer  \n1. Introduction  \nBreast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in women in Italy [1] . Risk factors include age, reproductive factors, hormonal factors, dietary and metabolic factors, previous radiotherapy in the chest, previous breast dysplasia or neoplasia, familiarity and heredity [2–4] . Thanks to screening [5] and increased awareness among women, most breast malignancies are diagnosed at an early stage when surgical treatment can more often be conservative and the therapy adopted is more effective [6–8] . Mammography is a specialised radiological technique [9] for analysing and diagnosing breast-related diseases, in particular breast cancer [10–12] . The need to develop a specialised clinical technique, breast imaging, arose because of the high incidence of cancer in the female population: in the West, about 1 in 8 women (12%) have the possibility of developing breast cancer during their lifetime [13] . In recent years, there has","cbCailTi1e2fIkMM","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCailTi1e2fIkMM","pdf",4749139,15,"English","# Introduction\n## Breast cancer risk factors and screening\n## Mammography as the gold standard\n# Physical principles of mammography (Part I)","[{\"question\":\"What is the main purpose of Part I on breast imaging physics in mammography?\",\"answer\":\"It explains the physical principles used in mammography and how a mammogram is composed to obtain diagnostic images.\"},{\"question\":\"Why is regular screening emphasized for breast cancer detection?\",\"answer\":\"Regular screening is essential because it helps diagnose most cancers at an early stage, when surgical treatment can often be conservative and therapy is more effective.\"},{\"question\":\"How does mammography achieve early detection of breast cancer?\",\"answer\":\"Mammography uses X-rays so that different tissue structures can be observed, distinguishing normal tissue from cancerous tissue with high sensitivity.\"}]","Breast Imaging Physics in Mammography (Part I) - Review | PDF",1790229649,38]