[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-209288-en":3,"doc-seo-209288-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":91},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":4,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":20,"is_downloadable":20,"audit_status":20,"page_count":21,"language":22,"language_code":23,"site_id":24,"html_lang":23,"table_of_contents":25,"faqs":26,"seo_title":27,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},209288,1374402968488,"Đào","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_29158cc5080c5b710cf443261637dec0",8,"Research & Report","Brazilian National High School Examination - Physics Items Analysis (2009-2014)","Brazil’s access to most public universities depends on Enem scores, a high-stakes exam combining a written composition with four multiple-choice tests scored using Item Response Theory. This study analyzes the Natural Sciences test’s Physics items across 2009–2014, classifying questions by qualitative categories and linking qualitative patterns to student results through basic statistics and item characteristic curves. Findings show low end-of-high-school Physics attainment, especially for items requiring disciplinary knowledge and mathematical reasoning, with gender- and school-type performance gaps.","Brazilian National High School Examination: assessing student’s learning in Physics  \nMarta F. Barroso  \nUFRJ– Federal University of Rio de Janeiro – Physics Institute [marta@if.ufrj.br](marta@if.ufrj.br)  \nM. S. O. Massunaga  \nUENF– State University of North Rio de Janeiro [shoey@uenf.br](shoey@uenf.br)  \nG. Rubini  \nUFRJ– Federal University of Rio de Janeiro [gustavorubini@if.ufrj.br](gustavorubini@if.ufrj.br)  \nAbstract  \nThe entrance to most ofthe public universities in Brazil depends on the scores obtained by students in Enem, Brazilian National Assessment of High School Education. This exam consists of a written composition and four multiple choice tests (Language, Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Human Sciences) scored by Item Response Theory. It is a high stake exam for students, allowing the use of its results of this exam to provide conditions for monitoring high school learning and quality of education in Brazil. We present a study of the Physics items of Natural Sciences test of Enem over the years 2009 to 2014. The questions were classified based on qualitative categories, providing a profile of the Natural Sciences test: a disciplinary exam (items of Physics, Chemistry and Biology), with mostly qualitative questions, long and time consuming items, only a few of them demanding more complex reasoning and assessing some problem solving skills. The answers of the students were analyzed, using basic statistical exploration and Item Response Theory to draw the item characteristic curve of the Physics items. A comparison was made between the qualitative analysis of the questions and the quantitative analysis for the Physics questions. The study of student performance reveals the low attaining levels of Physics learning at the end of high school, with a small percentage of correct answers on items; students perform worse in questions that require some type of disciplinary knowledge or use of basic mathematical reasoning. It is also possible to observe discrepancies on the results of two subsets of groups: female students perform worse than male students in most items, and students that come from federal and private high school perform significantly better that those from state high school (75% of students in high school attend state or regional schools) . In conclusion, the combined analysis of student’s performance and content of the items reveal some of the characteristics of student’s learning in Brazil, at around 18 years, that can impact Physics Education system.  \nKeywords  \nPhysics Education; Large Scale Assessment; Enem-Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio.  \nINTRODUCTION  \nLarge scale assessments are usually employed for system assessment [1,2] . In 1998, following the new Brazilian Constitution at the end of military dictatorship, a national exam – Enem (Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio, or National Assessment of High School Exam)– was created by the Federal Agency on Research and Statistics in Education (Inep) in order to provide students at the end of high school with a tool for “self assessment of skills and competencies acquired at the end of basic education” [3]; thereis no national curriculum, only recommendations from the National Council on Education, and at the end of secondary level, the students shall master “the science and technology principles that underpin modern production” [4] . This exam was a non compulsory test, a general one with no explicit disciplinary content assessment, with 63 questions and a written composition.  \nFollowing political changes in 2002 due to presidential elections some major changes occurred in public policies. There was a huge expansion of educational opportunities at university level, together with attempts to improve the quality of basic education by promoting in service teacher’ programs and  \nto implement a culture of assessment in education, with indexes and objectives for each school level in the whole country [5] .  \nThe expansion of the federal university system that ","cbCaif94bI80YQDu","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaif94bI80YQDu","pdf",324849,1,15,"English","en",105,"# Introduction\n## Enem origin and objectives\n## Policy changes and Enem redesign\n## 2009 test structure and Item Response Theory\n## Purpose of Physics learning study","[{\"question\":\"What is Enem and how are its results produced?\",\"answer\":\"Enem is a national assessment that includes a written composition and multiple-choice tests across four domains. Item Response Theory is used to score the tests.\"},{\"question\":\"How does this study analyze Physics learning in Enem?\",\"answer\":\"It examines Physics items from the Natural Sciences test over 2009–2014. Questions are classified qualitatively, and student answers are analyzed statistically and with Item Response Theory to obtain item characteristic curves.\"},{\"question\":\"What learning patterns emerge from the analysis of Physics items?\",\"answer\":\"Student performance is generally low, with fewer correct answers on items requiring disciplinary knowledge and basic mathematical reasoning. The study also reports that female students perform worse than male students in most items, and students from federal/private schools perform better than those from state schools.\"}]","Brazilian National High School Examination - Physics Items Analysis (2009-2014) | PDF",1788612169,38,{"code":4,"msg":31,"data":32},"ok",{"site_id":24,"language":23,"slug":33,"title":13,"keywords":34,"description":14,"schema_data":35,"social_meta":86,"head_meta":88,"extra_data":90,"updated_unix":28},"brazilian-national-high-school-examination-physics-items-analysis-2009-2014","",{"@graph":36,"@context":85},[37,54,68],{"@type":38,"itemListElement":39},"BreadcrumbList",[40,44,48,51],{"item":41,"name":42,"@type":43,"position":20},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":45,"name":46,"@type":43,"position":47},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":49,"name":12,"@type":43,"position":50},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":52,"name":13,"@type":43,"position":53},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/brazilian-national-high-school-examination-physics-items-analysis-2009-2014/209288/",4,{"url":52,"name":13,"@type":55,"author":56,"headline":13,"publisher":58,"fileFormat":61,"inLanguage":23,"description":14,"dateModified":62,"datePublished":62,"encodingFormat":61,"isAccessibleForFree":63,"interactionStatistic":64},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":57},"Person",{"url":41,"name":59,"@type":60},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-09-05",true,{"@type":65,"interactionType":66,"userInteractionCount":4},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":67},"ViewAction",{"@type":69,"mainEntity":70},"FAQPage",[71,77,81],{"name":72,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":74},"What is Enem and how are its results produced?","Question",{"text":75,"@type":76},"Enem is a national assessment that includes a written composition and multiple-choice tests across four domains. Item Response Theory is used to score the tests.","Answer",{"name":78,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":79},"How does this study analyze Physics learning in Enem?",{"text":80,"@type":76},"It examines Physics items from the Natural Sciences test over 2009–2014. Questions are classified qualitatively, and student answers are analyzed statistically and with Item Response Theory to obtain item characteristic curves.",{"name":82,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":83},"What learning patterns emerge from the analysis of Physics items?",{"text":84,"@type":76},"Student performance is generally low, with fewer correct answers on items requiring disciplinary knowledge and basic mathematical reasoning. The study also reports that female students perform worse than male students in most items, and students from federal/private schools perform better than those from state schools.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":52,"og:type":87,"og:title":13,"og:site_name":59,"og:description":14},"article",{"robots":89,"canonical":52},"index,follow",{"doc_id":7,"site_id":24},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":92},[93,97,101,105,110,115,120,123,128,131,135],{"id":20,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":94,"show_sort_weight":95,"slug":96},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":47,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":53,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":102,"show_sort_weight":103,"slug":104},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":106,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":107,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":111,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":112,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":114},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":116,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":117,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":119},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":11,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":12,"show_sort_weight":121,"slug":122},30,"research-report",{"id":124,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":125,"show_sort_weight":126,"slug":127},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":126,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":129,"show_sort_weight":126,"slug":130},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":132,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":133,"show_sort_weight":132,"slug":134},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":136,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":137,"show_sort_weight":106,"slug":138},19,"General","general"]