[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-181125-105":59,"doc-detail-181125-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","bpp-inhibits-the-growth-of-pc-cells-in-vitro-autophagy-initiation-and-flux-analysis","BPP inhibits the growth of PC cells in vitro - Autophagy initiation and flux analysis","","BPP treatment suppresses the proliferation and viability of PC cell lines in a dose-dependent manner, with no obvious cytotoxicity in HPDE. Colony formation and EdU incorporation assays show reduced PC cell growth, accompanied by increased LDH release. Mechanistic experiments indicate that BPP induces autophagy initiation, evidenced by dose- and time-dependent rises in LC3B-II, Atg5, and Beclin 1, along with increased LC3B puncta. Inhibitors and gene knockdown (3-MA, BECN1, ATG5) block LC3B-II accumulation, implicating autophagy as a driver of growth inhibition. Additionally, AMPK/mTOR pathway activation is observed, while BPP blocks autophagic flux via CQ-sensitive changes in LC3B-II and P62 and altered LC3B colocalization with lysosomal markers.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/bpp-inhibits-the-growth-of-pc-cells-in-vitro-autophagy-initiation-and-flux-analysis/181125/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/bpp-inhibits-the-growth-of-pc-cells-in-vitro-autophagy-initiation-and-flux-analysis/181125.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Rowan","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-22","2026-09-02",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":44},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"How does BPP affect PC cell growth in vitro?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"BPP significantly decreases PC cell viability in a dose-dependent manner and inhibits proliferation, supported by colony formation and EdU incorporation assays. Increased LDH release further indicates growth-related cellular disruption.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What evidence shows that BPP induces autophagy initiation in PC cells?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"BPP elevates LC3B-II levels in a dose- and time-dependent manner and increases autophagy-related proteins including Atg5 and Beclin 1. LC3B puncta formation increases in BPP-treated cells, and GFP-LC3B puncta show a marked rise compared with controls.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How does BPP influence autophagic flux?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"BPP causes accumulation of autophagosomes that is consistent with impaired autophagic flux. CQ (a lysosomal inhibitor) elevates LC3B-II and P62 levels, but cannot further increase them beyond BPP treatment, indicating flux blockage.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},181125,1788343434,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":44,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":129,"read_time":144},1099514067415,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/100002539d78ffe74a7?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1779092875211072502","| as the mean 􀀁 SD from at least three individual exper- | (a hallmark of autophagy) [24] and levels of autop- |\n| --- | --- |\n| iments. A value of P \u003C 0.05 was considered as statisti- | hagy-related proteins. As shown in Fig. 2A, BPP |\n| cally significant. | indeed induced autophagy initiation, as evidenced by dose-dependent increases in the levels of LC3B-II, |\n| 3. Results\u003Cbr>3.1. BPP inhibits the growth of PC cells in vitro | Atg5, and Beclin 1 in PC cells. Furthermore, the BPPinduced LC3B-II accumulation was time-dependent (Fig. 2B) . Treatment with 3-MA (a class III PI3K inhibitor) (Fig. 2C), or knockdown of BECN1 (Fig. S2A) or ATG5 (Fig. S2B) inhibited LC3B-II |\n| To determine whether BPP exhibits antitumor effect | accumulation in BPP-treated PC cells. Consistently, a |\n| against PC, we examined cell growth in BPP-treated | significant accumulation of endogenous LC3B puncta |\n| PC cells. As shown in Fig. 1B, BPP significantly | was observed in BPP-treated cells by LC3B |\n| decreased the cell viability of PC cell lines in a dose- | immunofluorescence staining (Fig. 2D,E) . To confirm |\n| dependent manner. In contrast, BPP showed no obvi- | this observation, GFP-tagged LC3B plasmid was used, |\n| ous cytotoxicity in HPDE. Consistently, colony forma- | and, a marked increase of GFP-LC3B puncta was |\n| tion (Fig. 1C) and EdU incorporation assay (Fig. 1D) | observed in BPP-treated cells compared with control |\n| revealed that BPP treatment inhibited the proliferation | cells (Fig. 2F,G) . In addition, AMPK/mTOR pathway |\n| of PC cells. In addition, increased LDH release was | was activated in BPP-treated PC cells (Fig. S2C) . |\n| observed by LDH release assay in BPP-treated PC | Together, these results indicate that BBP induces |\n| cells (Fig. 1E) . Together, these results suggest that BPP has antitumor effect in PC cells in vitro. | autophagy initiation in PC cells. |\n|  | 3.3. BPP blocks autophagic flux in PC cells |\n| 3.2. BPP induces autophagy initiation in PC cells | The accumulation of autophagosomes in cells may |\n| We next explored the mechanism by which BPP inhibits | result from increased autophagy initiation or impaired |\n| PC cell growth. We used the inhibitors of cell death in | autophagic flux, or both. To determine whether BPP |\n| different forms during BPP treatment [22,23] . The results | induced complete autophagic flux, we investigated the |\n| showed that CQ (a lysosomal inhibitor), rather than zVAD-FMK (an apoptosis inhibitor) or ferrostatin-1 (a ferroptosis inhibitor), had significant influence on PC cell | protein expression of LC3B-II and P62 (a classical substrate of autophagy degradation) by using CQ in BPP-treated cells. The data showed that BPP treat- |\n| growth in the presence of BPP (Fig. S1A,B) . These data | ment elevated the protein levels of LC3B-II and P62, |\n| implied that autophagy may be involved in BPP-medi- | whereas CQ treatment could not further increase the |\n| ated growth inhibition in PC cells. | levels of LC3B-II and P62 in BPP-treated PC cells |\n| We further determined whether BPP induces autop- | (Fig. 3A) . Moreover, the colocalization of LC3B with |\n| hagy in PC cells by examining LC3B-II accumulation | LAMP2 (a lysosome marker) was not observed in |","cbCaig38zjZyMmG1","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaig38zjZyMmG1","pdf",8717875,14,"English","# Results\n## BPP inhibits the growth of PC cells in vitro\n## BPP induces autophagy initiation in PC cells\n## BPP blocks autophagic flux in PC cells","[{\"question\":\"How does BPP affect PC cell growth in vitro?\",\"answer\":\"BPP significantly decreases PC cell viability in a dose-dependent manner and inhibits proliferation, supported by colony formation and EdU incorporation assays. Increased LDH release further indicates growth-related cellular disruption.\"},{\"question\":\"What evidence shows that BPP induces autophagy initiation in PC cells?\",\"answer\":\"BPP elevates LC3B-II levels in a dose- and time-dependent manner and increases autophagy-related proteins including Atg5 and Beclin 1. LC3B puncta formation increases in BPP-treated cells, and GFP-LC3B puncta show a marked rise compared with controls.\"},{\"question\":\"How does BPP influence autophagic flux?\",\"answer\":\"BPP causes accumulation of autophagosomes that is consistent with impaired autophagic flux. CQ (a lysosomal inhibitor) elevates LC3B-II and P62 levels, but cannot further increase them beyond BPP treatment, indicating flux blockage.\"}]","BPP inhibits the growth of PC cells in vitro - Autophagy initiation and flux analysis | PDF",35]