[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-detail-474427-en":59,"doc-seo-474427-105":82},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":60},{"doc_id":61,"user_id":62,"nickname":63,"user_avatar":64,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":66,"doc_content":67,"file_id":68,"file_url":69,"file_type":70,"file_size":71,"view_count":72,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":73,"language":74,"language_code":75,"site_id":76,"html_lang":75,"table_of_contents":77,"faqs":78,"seo_title":79,"seo_description":66,"update_tm":80,"read_time":81},474427,962090760408,"pop out","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_085a072bc5b1113ac321206ff7593b45","Border Management Modernization - Foreword - Trade and Customs Reform","Border Management Modernization examines how trade drives economic growth through integration into world markets while outlining why developing countries struggle to benefit from global participation. It analyzes persistent trade barriers such as tariffs and nontariff measures and emphasizes that competitiveness depends heavily on the national investment climate and business environment. The foreword highlights efforts to cut administrative red tape and modernize customs risk management, but argues that broader whole-of-government reforms are required because delays at borders stem largely from multiple institutions beyond customs.","Pub l iic D c os risc osu e AA r eutr z d P lub l c D c os risc osue AA r eutr z d P lub l c D c os risc osu e AA r eutr z d P lub l c D c os risc osu e AA r eutr z d  \nBORDER MANAGEMENT  \nMODERNIZATION  \n58845  \nGerard McLinden, Enrique Fanta David Widdowson, Tom Doyle; Editors  \nBorder Management Modernization  \nEditors Gerard McLinden Enrique Fanta David Widdowson Tom Doyle  \nWashington, D.C.  \n© 2011 The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank 1818 H Street NW  \nWashington DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000  \n[Internet: www.worldbank.org](Internet: www.worldbank.org)[ ](Internet: www.worldbank.org)All rights reserved  \n1 2 3 4 13 12 11 10  \nThis volume is a product of the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this volume do not necessarily reflect the views of the Executive Directors ofThe World Bank or the governments they represent.  \nThe World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgement on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries.  \nRights and Permissions  \nThe material in this publication is copyrighted. Copying and/or transmitting portions or all ofthis work without permission may be a violation of applicable law. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank encourages dissemination of its work andwill normally grant permission to reproduce portions ofthe work promptly.  \nFor permission to photocopy or reprint any part of this work, please send a request with complete information to the Copyright Clearance Center Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA; telephone: 978-750-8400; fax: 978-750-4470; [Internet: www.copyright.com](Internet: www.copyright.com).  \nAll other queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to the Office of the Publisher, The World Bank, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; fax: 202-522-2422; [e-mail: pubrights@worldbank.org](e-mail: pubrights@worldbank.org).  \nISBN: 978-0-8213-8596-8  \neISBN: 978-0-8213-8597-5  \nDOI: 10. 1596/978-0-8213-8596-8  \nLibrary of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication data has been requested.  \nCover design by Drew Fasick. Text editing, design, and layout by Nick Moschovakis and Elaine Wilson of Communications Development Incorporated, Washington, DC.  \nForeword  \nTrade is an important driver of economic growth and development: integration into world markets allows producers to specialize and reap the benefits of economies of scale. Trade also gives firms and households the opportunity to buy goods, services, and knowledge produced anywhere in the world.  \nDeveloping countries face many challenges in fully utilizing the opportunities offered by participation in the global economy. Some of these are associated with traditional trade barriers: tariffs and nontariff measures that impede market access. While such barriers continue to be important for products in which many developing countries have a comparative advantage—such as agricultural goods—the average level of tariffs has fallen significantly in recent decades. Moreover, many of the poorest countries have duty free access to high income markets. It is increasingly recognized that a key factor determining the competitiveness of developing country exporters is the national investment climate and business environment, as this is a major determinant of the costs—and thus the profitability—of production.  \nAn important part of the agenda to lower operating costs is to reduce administrative red tape and remove unnecessary regulation. While there is nothing countries can do to improve their geography or resource endowments, they can take action to facilitate trade and to eliminate unnecessa","cbCaiaInKR15jLR2","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiaInKR15jLR2","pdf",4941791,3,401,"English","en",105,"# Foreword\n## Trade as a Driver of Economic Growth\n## Challenges and Trade Barriers in Developing Countries\n## Administrative Red Tape and Customs Modernization\n## Limits of Customs Reform and Whole-of-Government Needed","[{\"question\":\"Why is trade considered an important driver of economic growth and development?\",\"answer\":\"Trade supports growth by enabling producers to specialize, benefiting from economies of scale, and allowing firms and households to access goods, services, and knowledge produced anywhere in the world.\"},{\"question\":\"What determines the competitiveness of exporters from developing countries according to the foreword?\",\"answer\":\"A key factor is the national investment climate and business environment, because it largely determines production costs and, therefore, profitability.\"},{\"question\":\"Why is focusing only on customs reform unlikely to produce major improvements?\",\"answer\":\"Border delays are caused by many government institutions beyond customs, so automated or advanced customs systems may not help if other agencies still require extensive paperwork or physical inspections.\"}]","Border Management Modernization - Foreword - Trade and Customs Reform | PDF",1790784134,1011,{"code":4,"msg":83,"data":84},"ok",{"site_id":76,"language":75,"slug":85,"title":65,"keywords":86,"description":66,"schema_data":87,"social_meta":140,"head_meta":142,"extra_data":144,"updated_unix":145},"border-management-modernization-foreword-trade-and-customs-reform","",{"@graph":88,"@context":139},[89,102,122],{"@type":90,"itemListElement":91},"BreadcrumbList",[92,96,98,100],{"item":93,"name":94,"@type":95,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":97,"name":9,"@type":95,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":99,"name":40,"@type":95,"position":72},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",{"item":101,"name":65,"@type":95,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/border-management-modernization-foreword-trade-and-customs-reform/474427/",{"url":101,"name":65,"@type":103,"image":104,"author":109,"headline":65,"publisher":111,"fileFormat":114,"inLanguage":75,"description":66,"dateModified":115,"datePublished":116,"encodingFormat":114,"isAccessibleForFree":117,"interactionStatistic":118},"DigitalDocument",{"url":105,"@type":106,"width":107,"height":108},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/border-management-modernization-foreword-trade-and-customs-reform/474427.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":63,"@type":110},"Person",{"url":93,"name":112,"@type":113},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-07","2026-09-30",true,{"@type":119,"interactionType":120,"userInteractionCount":72},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":121},"ViewAction",{"@type":123,"mainEntity":124},"FAQPage",[125,131,135],{"name":126,"@type":127,"acceptedAnswer":128},"Why is trade considered an important driver of economic growth and development?","Question",{"text":129,"@type":130},"Trade supports growth by enabling producers to specialize, benefiting from economies of scale, and allowing firms and households to access goods, services, and knowledge produced anywhere in the world.","Answer",{"name":132,"@type":127,"acceptedAnswer":133},"What determines the competitiveness of exporters from developing countries according to the foreword?",{"text":134,"@type":130},"A key factor is the national investment climate and business environment, because it largely determines production costs and, therefore, profitability.",{"name":136,"@type":127,"acceptedAnswer":137},"Why is focusing only on customs reform unlikely to produce major improvements?",{"text":138,"@type":130},"Border delays are caused by many government institutions beyond customs, so automated or advanced customs systems may not help if other agencies still require extensive paperwork or physical inspections.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":101,"og:type":141,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":112,"og:description":66},"article",{"robots":143,"canonical":101},"index,follow",{"doc_id":61,"site_id":76},1791387583]