[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-108291-en":3,"doc-seo-108291-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":91},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":21,"is_downloadable":21,"audit_status":21,"page_count":22,"language":23,"language_code":24,"site_id":25,"html_lang":24,"table_of_contents":26,"faqs":27,"seo_title":13,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},108291,16904993612988,"Olivia Brown","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_a8503ba1806abce46bf441b54a3ca4cd",7,"Healthcare","Boosting Nutrition - Policy Note 3","Boosting Nutrition addresses malnutrition in Pakistan as a major development challenge with long-term consequences for human capital and economic growth. It outlines high national levels of child malnutrition, highlights substantial subnational disparities, and links worsening outcomes to COVID-19 shocks and the 2022 floods. The note identifies three drivers of stunting—inadequate food intake, environmental risks, and insufficient services for children and women—and emphasizes stunting’s origins in pregnancy and the need for a comprehensive multisectoral response during the first two years of life.","Pub lic Disclosure Authorized Pub lic Disclosure Authorized Pub lic Disclosure Authorized Pub lic Disclosure Authorized  \nPAKISTAN  \nHUMAN CAPITAL REVIEW  \nPOLICY NOTE 3  \nBoosting Nutrition  \n\\#humpakistan  \n© 2023 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433  \nTelephone: 202-473-1000; [internet: www.worldbank.org](internet: www.worldbank.org)[ ](internet: www.worldbank.org)Some rights reserved  \nThis work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of The World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries.  \nNothing herein shall constitute or be considered to be a limitation upon or waiver of the privileges and immunities of The World Bank, all of which are specifically reserved.  \nRights and Permissions  \nThis work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO license (CC BY 3.0 IGO) [http://creativea](http://creativea)[commons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo. Under](commons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo. Under) the Creative Commons Attribution license, you are free to copy, disetribute, transmit, and adapt this work, including for commercial purposes, under the following conditions:  \nAttribution—Please cite the work as follows: Ersado, Lire, Ziauddin Hyder, Manav Bhattarai, Aliya Kashif, Soofia Yunus, Jahanzaib Sohail, and Ali Mirza. 2023. Pakistan’s Human Capital: Boosting Nutrition. Pakistan Human Capital Review Policy Note 3. Washington, DC: World Bank. License: Creative Commons Attribution CC BY 3.0 IGO  \nTranslations—If you create a translation of this work, please add the following disclaimer along with the attribution: This translation was not created by The World Bank and should not be considered an official World Bank translation. The World Bank shall not be liable for any content or error in this translation.  \nAdaptations—If you create an adaptation of this work, please add the following disclaimer along with the attribution: This is an adaptation of an original work by The World Bank. Views and opinions expressed in the adaptation are the sole responsibility of the author or authors of the adaptation and are not endorsed by The World Bank.  \nThird-party content—The World Bank does not necessarily own each component of the content contained within the work. The World Bank therefore does not warrant that the use of any third-party-owned individual component or part contained in the work will not infringe on the rights of those third parties. The risk of claims resulting from such infringement rests solely with you. If you wish to reuse a component of the work, it is your responsibility to determine whether permission is needed for that reuse and to obtain permission from the copyright owner. Examples of components can include, but are not limited to, tables, figures, or images.  \nAll queries on rights and licenses should be addressed to World Bank Publications, The World Bank Group, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; email: [pubrights@worldbank.org](pubrights@worldbank.org).  \nBoosting nutrition  \nSUMMARY  \nMalnutrition is one of Pakistan’s biggest development challenges, with long-term implications for human capital development and economic growth. The proportions of young children stunted (40 percent), underweight (30 percent), wasted (18 percent), and overweight (10 percent) in Pakistan are higher than in any other country in South Asia (see box 1 for definitions) . These national averages mask wide subnational disparities. For example, stunting—an indi","cbCaid0GkGoGC72E","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaid0GkGoGC72E","pdf",699469,2,1,16,"English","en",105,"# Summary\n## Malnutrition as a development challenge\n## Stunting drivers: food, environment, and services\n## Timing and multisectoral approach\n## Box 1: Key definitions","[{\"question\":\"Why is malnutrition described as a major challenge in Pakistan?\",\"answer\":\"Malnutrition is presented as one of Pakistan’s biggest development challenges because it has long-term implications for human capital development and economic growth.\"},{\"question\":\"What are the three key factors associated with stunting in Pakistan?\",\"answer\":\"Stunting is linked to insufficient food intake (including breastfeeding and complementary feeding), environmental risks such as unclean water and poor sanitation, and inadequate services for children and women.\"},{\"question\":\"When does stunting begin and what approach is recommended to address it?\",\"answer\":\"Stunting starts in the womb due to poor maternal nutrition and infection and continues through the first two years of life. The note recommends a comprehensive multisectoral approach during this critical window rather than focusing on only one subset of factors.\"}]",1784470147,40,{"code":4,"msg":31,"data":32},"ok",{"site_id":25,"language":24,"slug":33,"title":13,"keywords":34,"description":14,"schema_data":35,"social_meta":86,"head_meta":88,"extra_data":90,"updated_unix":28},"boosting-nutrition-policy-note-3","",{"@graph":36,"@context":85},[37,53,68],{"@type":38,"itemListElement":39},"BreadcrumbList",[40,44,47,50],{"item":41,"name":42,"@type":43,"position":21},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":45,"name":46,"@type":43,"position":20},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",{"item":48,"name":12,"@type":43,"position":49},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":51,"name":13,"@type":43,"position":52},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/boosting-nutrition-policy-note-3/108291/",4,{"url":51,"name":13,"@type":54,"author":55,"headline":13,"publisher":57,"fileFormat":60,"inLanguage":24,"description":14,"dateModified":61,"datePublished":62,"encodingFormat":60,"isAccessibleForFree":63,"interactionStatistic":64},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":56},"Person",{"url":41,"name":58,"@type":59},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-07-31","2026-07-19",true,{"@type":65,"interactionType":66,"userInteractionCount":20},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":67},"ViewAction",{"@type":69,"mainEntity":70},"FAQPage",[71,77,81],{"name":72,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":74},"Why is malnutrition described as a major challenge in Pakistan?","Question",{"text":75,"@type":76},"Malnutrition is presented as one of Pakistan’s biggest development challenges because it has long-term implications for human capital development and economic growth.","Answer",{"name":78,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":79},"What are the three key factors associated with stunting in Pakistan?",{"text":80,"@type":76},"Stunting is linked to insufficient food intake (including breastfeeding and complementary feeding), environmental risks such as unclean water and poor sanitation, and inadequate services for children and women.",{"name":82,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":83},"When does stunting begin and what approach is recommended to address it?",{"text":84,"@type":76},"Stunting starts in the womb due to poor maternal nutrition and infection and continues through the first two years of life. The note recommends a comprehensive multisectoral approach during this critical window rather than focusing on only one subset of factors.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":51,"og:type":87,"og:title":13,"og:site_name":58,"og:description":14},"article",{"robots":89,"canonical":51},"index,follow",{"doc_id":7,"site_id":25},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":92},[93,97,101,105,110,115,117,122,127,130,134],{"id":21,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":94,"show_sort_weight":95,"slug":96},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":20,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":102,"show_sort_weight":103,"slug":104},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":106,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":107,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":111,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":112,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":114},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":11,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":12,"show_sort_weight":29,"slug":116},"healthcare",{"id":118,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":119,"show_sort_weight":120,"slug":121},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":123,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":124,"show_sort_weight":125,"slug":126},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":125,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":128,"show_sort_weight":125,"slug":129},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":131,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":132,"show_sort_weight":131,"slug":133},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":135,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":136,"show_sort_weight":106,"slug":137},19,"General","general"]