[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-371346-105":59,"doc-detail-371346-en":131},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":124,"head_meta":126,"extra_data":128,"updated_unix":130},105,"en","bone-on-a-chip-systems-for-hematological-cancers","Bone-on-a-Chip Systems for Hematological Cancers","","Hematological malignancies arising from blood, bone marrow, and lymph nodes include leukemia, lymphoma, and myeloma, often requiring distinct chemotherapy strategies. Drug resistance frequently undermines treatment outcomes, so predictive tools are needed to support therapeutic decisions. Conventional 2D/3D cultures fail to capture in vivo criteria and models translated from mice to humans remain difficult. Organ-on-a-chip technology aims to overcome genetic differences, enable precise multi-cell manipulation, and better extrapolate data to human physiology. Bone-on-a-chip systems are reviewed for modeling bone microenvironments, predicting drug responses, reducing resistance, and supporting personalized interventions, including materials, in vitro methods, clinical predictive value, and commercialization potential.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/bone-on-a-chip-systems-for-hematological-cancers/371346/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/bone-on-a-chip-systems-for-hematological-cancers/371346.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Riley","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-04","2026-09-23",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",12,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"Why are distinct therapeutic approaches required for hematological cancers?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"They originate from blood, bone marrow, and lymph nodes, and treatment regimens can differ substantially across leukemia, lymphoma, and myeloma.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"What challenges do drug resistance create in hematological cancer therapy?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"Drug resistance frequently complicates treatment effectiveness, creating the need for predictive tools to guide therapeutic decisions and explore alternative medications or combinations.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"How does bone-on-a-chip (BoC) technology address limitations of 2D/3D cell cultures?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"BoC aims to better represent the in vivo bone microenvironment and improve prediction of drug responses by enabling more precise design and manipulation of relevant cell types while addressing cross-species translation issues.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},371346,1790294918,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":140,"language":141,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":142,"faqs":143,"seo_title":144,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":145,"read_time":146},1374391975076,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/14000253ca4ec9f6853?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1783305029341752051","Review  \nBone-on-a-Chip Systems for Hematological Cancers  \nGül Kozalak 1,2 and Ali Ko¸sar 1,2,3, *  \nReceived: 4 February 2025  \nRevised: 28 February 2025  \nAccepted: 6 March 2025  \nPublished: 9 March 2025  \nCitation: Kozalak, G.; Ko¸sar, A. Bone-on-a-Chip Systems for Hematological Cancers. Biosensors 2025, 15, 176. [https://doi.org/](https://doi.org/)[ ](https://doi.org/)[10.3390/bios15030176](10.3390/bios15030176)  \nCopyright: © 2025 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ([https://creativecommons.org/](https://creativecommons.org/)[ ](https://creativecommons.org/)[licenses/by/4.0/](licenses/by/4.0/)) .  \n1 Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabancı University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey; [gul.kozalak@sabanciuniv.edu](gul.kozalak@sabanciuniv.edu)  \n2 Center of Excellence for Functional Surfaces and Interfaces for Nano Diagnostics (EFSUN), Sabancı University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey  \n3 Turkish Academy of Sciences (TÜBA), Çankaya, Ankara 06700, Turkey  \n* Correspondence: [kosara@sabanciuniv.edu](kosara@sabanciuniv.edu)  \nAbstract: Hematological malignancies originating from blood, bone marrow, and lymph nodes include leukemia, lymphoma, and myeloma, which necessitate the use of a distinct chemotherapeutic approach. Drug resistance frequently complicates their treatment, highlighting the need for predictive tools to guide therapeutic decisions. Conventional 2D/3D cell cultures do not fully encompass in vivo criteria, and translating disease models from mice to humans proves challenging. Organ-on-a-chip technology presents an avenue to surmount genetic disparities between species, offering precise design, concurrent manipulation of various cell types, and extrapolation of data to human physiology. The development of bone-on-a-chip (BoC) systems is crucial for accurately representing the in vivo bone microenvironment, predicting drug responses for hematological cancers, mitigating drug resistance, and facilitating personalized therapeutic interventions. BoC systems for modeling hematological cancers and drug research can encompass intricate designs and integrated platforms for analyzing drug response data to simulate disease scenarios. This review provides a comprehensive examination of BoC systems applicable to modeling hematological cancers and visualizing drug responses within the intricate context of bone. It thoroughly discusses the materials pertinent to BoC systems, suitable in vitro techniques, the predictive capabilities of BoC systems in clinical settings, and their potential for commercialization.  \nKeywords: bone-on-a-chip; hematological cancers; disease modelling; drug imaging  \n1. Introduction  \nHematological cancers constitute a group of malignancies originating from cells in the blood, bone marrow, and lymph nodes. These cancers are broadly categorized into three principal groups: leukemia, lymphoma, and myeloma. Leukemia arises specifically from blood and bone marrow cells and can be further classified into lymphocytic and myelogenous types. Lymphoma, on the other hand, originates in the lymph nodes and is divided into Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin subtypes. Multiple myeloma is distinguished by the proliferation of a specific variant of plasma B cells within the bone marrow, leading to the production and secretion of monoclonal immunoglobulins [1] . In the treatment of hematological cancers, the employed specific drug regimen can differ significantly from one condition to another. However, it is important to note that a variety of chemotherapeutic agents are commonly utilized, including cytostatic drugs, alkylating agents, alkaloids, antibiotics, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and antimetabolites [2] . These agents play a crucial role in inducing the death of cancer cells, contributing to effective patient management.  \nThe majority of patients ultimately develop resistan","cbCaiiIluLNFJLqW","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiiIluLNFJLqW","pdf",7699445,42,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n## Types and treatment of hematological cancers\n## Limits of conventional in vitro models and need for predictive tools\n## Objectives for personalized therapeutic decision-making\n# Organ-on-a-chip systems","[{\"question\":\"Why are distinct therapeutic approaches required for hematological cancers?\",\"answer\":\"They originate from blood, bone marrow, and lymph nodes, and treatment regimens can differ substantially across leukemia, lymphoma, and myeloma.\"},{\"question\":\"What challenges do drug resistance create in hematological cancer therapy?\",\"answer\":\"Drug resistance frequently complicates treatment effectiveness, creating the need for predictive tools to guide therapeutic decisions and explore alternative medications or combinations.\"},{\"question\":\"How does bone-on-a-chip (BoC) technology address limitations of 2D/3D cell cultures?\",\"answer\":\"BoC aims to better represent the in vivo bone microenvironment and improve prediction of drug responses by enabling more precise design and manipulation of relevant cell types while addressing cross-species translation issues.\"}]","Bone-on-a-Chip Systems for Hematological Cancers | PDF",1790191861,106]