[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-108997-en":3,"doc-seo-108997-105":31,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":93},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":21,"is_downloadable":21,"audit_status":21,"page_count":22,"language":23,"language_code":24,"site_id":25,"html_lang":24,"table_of_contents":26,"faqs":27,"seo_title":28,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":29,"read_time":30},108997,687197207919,"Theodora","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/a000253d6f5f7c60be?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1779446848396160552",8,"Research & Report","Bolstering Poverty Reduction in Rwanda - A Poverty Assessment - October 2020","Bolstering Poverty Reduction in Rwanda - A Poverty Assessment synthesizes evidence on poverty dynamics in Rwanda across 2010/11 to 2016/17, focusing on why poverty reduction decelerated. It links slower progress to the interplay of cyclical conditions, weather shocks, and persistent structural and policy constraints rather than to unequal welfare gains. The assessment also tracks improvements in human capital and non-monetary welfare as public services expand and evaluates shifting drivers such as off-farm transformation, migration, and agricultural income contributions.","Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized  \nBolstering Poverty Reduction in Rwanda  \nA Poverty Assessment  \nWorld Bank Poverty and Equity Global Practice, Africa Region  \nOctober 2020  \nStandard Disclaimer:  \n.  \nThis volume is a product of the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/ The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper do not necessarily reflect the views of the Executive Directors of The World Bank or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries.  \n.  \nCopyright Statement:  \n.  \nThe material in this publication is copyrighted. Copying and/or transmitting portions or all of this work without permission may be a violation of applicable law. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/ The World Bank encourages dissemination of its work and will normally grant permission to reproduce portions of the work promptly.  \nFor permission to photocopy or reprint any part of this work, please send a request with complete information to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA, telephone 978-750-8400, fax 978-750-4470, [http://www.copyright.com/](http://www.copyright.com/) .  \nAll other queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to the Office of the Publisher, The World Bank, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA, fax 202- 522-2422, e-mail [pubrights@worldbank.org](pubrights@worldbank.org).  \nThis report was produced out by the World Bank Poverty Global Practice, Africa 1 Region, under the supervision of Pierella Paci (Practice Manager EA1PV) . The Task Team Leader was Theresa Osborne (Senior Economist EA1PV) . The core team was comprised of Shohei Nakamura (Economist EA1PV), Zeyang Dong (Consultant, EA1PV), Anirudh Rajashekar (Consultant EA1PV), and Serge Mugabo (NISR) . Valuable support was provided by Nobuo Yoshida (Lead Economist EA1PV), Aghassi Mkrtchyan (EA1M1) and Peace Aimee Niyibizi (EA1M1) . Excellent peer review was provided by Tom Bundervoet and Luc Christiaensen. Special thanks go to the National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda for their assistance and collaboration.  \nRegional Vice President: Hafez Ghanem  \nCountry Director: Carlos Felipe Jaramillo  \nCountry Manager: Yasser El-Gammal  \nContents  \nACRONYMS ............................................................................................................................................................... v  \nTable of Figures ..................................................................................................................................................... vii  \nTables ....................................................................................................................................................................... ix  \nExecutive Summary of Findings ............................................................................................................................. I  \nThe deceleration in poverty reduction was not due to unequal or concentrated gains in welfare ........ II  \nHuman capital and the non-monetary dimensions of welfare also improved as public services expanded............................................................................................................................................................. III  \nDespite the role of temporary factors during 2016/17, changes in the economic welfare of Rwandans between 2010/11 and 2016/17 were primarily due to persistent structural issues and policies ............V  \nAlthough structural transformation to off-farm work remained the primary driver of poverty red","cbCaifx1AtnW1gW0","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaifx1AtnW1gW0","pdf",7985279,5,1,168,"English","en",105,"# Executive Summary of Findings\n## The deceleration in poverty reduction was not due to unequal or concentrated gains in welfare\n## Human capital and the non-monetary dimensions of welfare also improved as public services expanded\n## Despite the role of temporary factors during 2016/17, changes in economic welfare were primarily due to persistent structural issues and policies\n## Although structural transformation to off-farm work remained the primary driver, it began to falter after 2010/11\n## Migration, particularly to Kigali, became an increasing facilitator of structural transformation and welfare gains\n## Despite continued growth in Rwanda’s agricultural sector, agriculture’s contribution to poverty reduction subsequently stalled\n## Putting the Evidence Together\n# Latest Trends in Poverty\n## Rwanda saw steady poverty reduction between 2010/11 and 2016/17","[{\"question\":\"Why did poverty reduction decelerate in Rwanda after 2010/11?\",\"answer\":\"The assessment attributes deceleration to a combination of cyclical factors, weather shocks, and persistent structural and policy issues, rather than to unequal or concentrated welfare gains.\"},{\"question\":\"How did welfare change alongside the expansion of public services?\",\"answer\":\"Human capital and non-monetary dimensions of welfare improved as public services expanded, indicating progress beyond income measures.\"},{\"question\":\"What drove poverty reduction over time, and what shifted after 2010/11?\",\"answer\":\"Structural transformation to off-farm work remained the primary driver, but it began to falter after 2010/11. Migration—especially to Kigali—played an increasing facilitative role in transformation and welfare gains.\"}]","Bolstering Poverty Reduction in Rwanda - A Poverty Assessment - October 2020 | PDF",1784475705,423,{"code":4,"msg":32,"data":33},"ok",{"site_id":25,"language":24,"slug":34,"title":13,"keywords":35,"description":14,"schema_data":36,"social_meta":88,"head_meta":90,"extra_data":92,"updated_unix":29},"bolstering-poverty-reduction-in-rwanda-a-poverty-assessment-october-2020","",{"@graph":37,"@context":87},[38,55,70],{"@type":39,"itemListElement":40},"BreadcrumbList",[41,45,49,52],{"item":42,"name":43,"@type":44,"position":21},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":46,"name":47,"@type":44,"position":48},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":50,"name":12,"@type":44,"position":51},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":53,"name":13,"@type":44,"position":54},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/bolstering-poverty-reduction-in-rwanda-a-poverty-assessment-october-2020/108997/",4,{"url":53,"name":13,"@type":56,"author":57,"headline":13,"publisher":59,"fileFormat":62,"inLanguage":24,"description":14,"dateModified":63,"datePublished":64,"encodingFormat":62,"isAccessibleForFree":65,"interactionStatistic":66},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":58},"Person",{"url":42,"name":60,"@type":61},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-07-30","2026-07-19",true,{"@type":67,"interactionType":68,"userInteractionCount":20},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":69},"ViewAction",{"@type":71,"mainEntity":72},"FAQPage",[73,79,83],{"name":74,"@type":75,"acceptedAnswer":76},"Why did poverty reduction decelerate in Rwanda after 2010/11?","Question",{"text":77,"@type":78},"The assessment attributes deceleration to a combination of cyclical factors, weather shocks, and persistent structural and policy issues, rather than to unequal or concentrated welfare gains.","Answer",{"name":80,"@type":75,"acceptedAnswer":81},"How did welfare change alongside the expansion of public services?",{"text":82,"@type":78},"Human capital and non-monetary dimensions of welfare improved as public services expanded, indicating progress beyond income measures.",{"name":84,"@type":75,"acceptedAnswer":85},"What drove poverty reduction over time, and what shifted after 2010/11?",{"text":86,"@type":78},"Structural transformation to off-farm work remained the primary driver, but it began to falter after 2010/11. Migration—especially to Kigali—played an increasing facilitative role in transformation and welfare gains.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":53,"og:type":89,"og:title":13,"og:site_name":60,"og:description":14},"article",{"robots":91,"canonical":53},"index,follow",{"doc_id":7,"site_id":25},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":94},[95,99,103,107,111,116,121,124,129,132,136],{"id":21,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":96,"show_sort_weight":97,"slug":98},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":48,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":100,"show_sort_weight":101,"slug":102},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":54,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":104,"show_sort_weight":105,"slug":106},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":20,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":108,"show_sort_weight":109,"slug":110},"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":112,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":113,"show_sort_weight":114,"slug":115},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":117,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":118,"show_sort_weight":119,"slug":120},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":11,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":12,"show_sort_weight":122,"slug":123},30,"research-report",{"id":125,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":126,"show_sort_weight":127,"slug":128},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":127,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":130,"show_sort_weight":127,"slug":131},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":133,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":134,"show_sort_weight":133,"slug":135},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":137,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":138,"show_sort_weight":20,"slug":139},19,"General","general"]