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Lectin binding to these glycans functions as molecular recognition and can illuminate disease mechanisms. The study develops a quantitative method to track glycan–lectin interactions during urothelial cell adhesion from initial contact to steady state. Adhesion between cell lines and lectin-coated surfaces was measured under static and flow conditions using single-cell force spectroscopy and adhesion assays, showing lectin-specific, selective binding patterns.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/bladder-cancer-cells-interaction-with-lectin-coated-surfaces-under-static-and-flow-conditions/376775/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/bladder-cancer-cells-interaction-with-lectin-coated-surfaces-under-static-and-flow-conditions/376775.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Levi","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-25","2026-09-24",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":29},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"Why are glycan–lectin interactions important in bladder cancer?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Aberrant glycan expression is characteristic of cancers, and lectins bind glycans through molecular recognition, helping reveal how glycan changes relate to disease development.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What experimental conditions were used to study cell adhesion?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Adhesion was measured between urothelial cell lines and lectin-coated surfaces using assays under both static and flow conditions.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"Which lectins showed selective binding to urothelial cells?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Phytohemagglutinin-L and wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) produced specific and selective adhesion to urothelial cells.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},376775,1790718364,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":29,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":46,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":31},7971461740909,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d","Article  \nBladder Cancer Cells Interaction with Lectin-Coated Surfaces under Static and Flow Conditions  \nRenata Szydlak 1, Ingrid H. Øvreeide 2, Marcin Luty 1, Tomasz Zieli ´nski 1, Victorien E. Prot 3, Joanna Zemła 1, Bjørn T. Stokke 2, * and Małgorzata Lekka 1, *  \nCitation: Szydlak, R.; Øvreeide, I.H.; Luty, M.; Zieli ´nski, T.; Prot, V.E.; Zemła, J.; Stokke, B.T.; Lekka, M. Bladder Cancer Cells Interaction with Lectin-Coated Surfaces under Static and Flow Conditions. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 8213. [https://doi.org/](https://doi.org/)[ ](https://doi.org/)[10.3390/ijms24098213](10.3390/ijms24098213)  \nAcademic Editor: Yuri Lyubchenko  \nReceived: 30 March 2023  \nRevised: 21 April 2023  \nAccepted: 29 April 2023  \nPublished: 4 May 2023  \nCopyright: © 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ([https://](https://)[ ](https://)[creativecommons.org/licenses/by/](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[ ](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[4.0/](4.0/)) .  \n1 Department of Biophysical Microstructures, Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-31342 Krakâw, Poland; [renata.szydlak@ifj.edu.pl](renata.szydlak@ifj.edu.pl) (R.S.); [marcin.luty@ifj.edu.pl](marcin.luty@ifj.edu.pl) (M.L.); [tomasz.zielinski@ifj.edu.pl](tomasz.zielinski@ifj.edu.pl) (T.Z.); [joanna.zemla@ifj.edu.pl](joanna.zemla@ifj.edu.pl) (J.Z.)  \n2 Biophysics and Medical Technology, Department of Physics, The Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway; ingrid.h.ovreeide@ntnu.no  \n3 Biomechanics, Department of Structural Engineering, The Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway; [victorien.prot@ntnu.no](victorien.prot@ntnu.no)  \n* [Correspondence: bjorn.stokke@ntnu.no](Correspondence: bjorn.stokke@ntnu.no) (B.T.S.); [malgorzata.lekka@ifj.edu.pl](malgorzata.lekka@ifj.edu.pl) (M.L.)  \nAbstract: Aberrant expression of glycans, i.e., oligosaccharide moiety covalently attached to proteins or lipids, is characteristic of various cancers, including urothelial ones. The binding of lectins to glycans is classified as molecular recognition, which makes lectins a strong tool for understanding their role in developing diseases. Here, we present a quantitative approach to tracing glycan–lectin interactions in cells, from the initial to the steady phase of adhesion. The cell adhesion was measured between urothelial cell lines (non-malignant HCV29 and carcinoma HT1376 and T24 cells) and lectincoated surfaces. Depending on the timescale, single-cell force spectroscopy, and adhesion assays conducted in static and flow conditions were applied. The obtained results reveal that the adhesion of urothelial cells to two specific lectins, i.e., phytohemagglutinin-L and wheat germ agglutinin, was specific and selective. Thus, these lectins can be applied to selectively capture, identify, and differentiate between cancer types in a label-free manner. These results open up the possibility of designing lectin-based biosensors for diagnostic or prognostic purposes and developing strategies for drug delivery that could target cancer-associated glycans.  \nKeywords: urothelial and bladder cancers; adhesion; lectin–glycan interaction; single cell force spectroscopy (SCFS); microfluidics; cell sorting  \n1. Introduction  \nGenetic mutations and molecular alterations on the cell surface are one of the various fundamental features of cancer cells [1] . Among others, they manifest a change in cell–cell and cell–extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions [2–4] that are associated with alterationsin the expression of adhesion molecules present in the plasma membrane, such as cadherins, integrins, selectins, or immunoglobulin-like superfamily [2,3] . These molecules frequently bear carbohydrate moieties (i.e., glycans) that actively regulate cell–cell and cell–ECM interactions [4,5] . ","cbCaigOMIKBgK3NJ","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaigOMIKBgK3NJ","pdf",3161912,"English","# Introduction\n## Glycans and adhesion in cancer progression\n# Methods and experimental approach\n## Measuring adhesion in static and flow conditions\n## Single-cell force spectroscopy and adhesion assays\n# Results and implications\n## Lectin-specific binding to urothelial cells\n## Potential applications: label-free capture and biosensors","[{\"question\":\"Why are glycan–lectin interactions important in bladder cancer?\",\"answer\":\"Aberrant glycan expression is characteristic of cancers, and lectins bind glycans through molecular recognition, helping reveal how glycan changes relate to disease development.\"},{\"question\":\"What experimental conditions were used to study cell adhesion?\",\"answer\":\"Adhesion was measured between urothelial cell lines and lectin-coated surfaces using assays under both static and flow conditions.\"},{\"question\":\"Which lectins showed selective binding to urothelial cells?\",\"answer\":\"Phytohemagglutinin-L and wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) produced specific and selective adhesion to urothelial cells.\"}]","Bladder Cancer Cells Interaction with Lectin-Coated Surfaces under Static and Flow Conditions | PDF",1790221130]