[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-135203-en":3,"doc-seo-135203-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":92},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":20,"is_downloadable":20,"audit_status":20,"page_count":21,"language":22,"language_code":23,"site_id":24,"html_lang":23,"table_of_contents":25,"faqs":26,"seo_title":27,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},135203,1099513958762,"Logic","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/1000023916a998db790?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1784791008015729253",8,"Research & Report","Bipolar blobs as evidence of hidden AGN activities in the low-mass galaxies - draft version","Evidence is presented for a hidden black hole in the low-mass galaxy MaNGA 9885-9102, along with a new identification approach for active black holes in low-mass systems. The galaxy was selected for distinctive bipolar Hα blobs on the minor axis, whose classification on the BPT diagram as H II regions creates ambiguity. Swift UV data show no UV counterparts to the blobs, and photoionization modeling favors an AGN origin with 5.8σ significance. The black hole mass is estimated as ~7.2×10^5 M⊙ from the MBH–σ* relation. The method targets BH light echoes and may extend to intermediate-mass cases in low-metallicity environments where BPT diagnostics fail.","arXiv :2408 . 13841v1 [ astro-ph .GA] 25 Aug 2024  \nDraft version August 27, 2024  \nTypeset using LATEX twocolumn style in AASTeX631  \nBipolar blobs as evidence of hidden AGN activities in the low-mass galaxies  \nYao Yao  ,1, 2 Enci Wang,1, 2 Zhicheng He,1, 2 Zheyu Lin,1, 2 Yu Rong,1, 2 Hong-Xin Zhang,1, 2 and Xu Kong1, 2  \n1 Deep Space Exploration Laboratory / Department of Astronomy, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China  \n2 School of Astronomy and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China  \nABSTRACT  \nWe report the evidence of a hidden black hole (BH) in a low-mass galaxy, MaNGA 9885-9102, and provide a new method to identify active BH in low mass galaxies. This galaxy is originally selected from the MaNGA survey with distinctive bipolar Hα blobs at the minor axis. The bipolar feature can be associated with AGN activity, while the two blobs are classified as the H II regions on the BPT diagram, making the origins confusing. The Swift UV continuum shows that the two blobs do not have UV counterparts, suggesting that the source of ionization is out of the blobs. Consistent with this, the detailed photoionization models prefer to AGN rather than star-forming origin with a significance of 5 .8σ . The estimated BH mass is MBH ∼7.2×105 M⊙ from the MBH − σ∗ relationship. This work introduces a novel method for detecting the light echo of BHs, potentially extending to intermediate mass, in low metallicity environments where the traditional BPT diagram fails.  \nKeywords: Extragalactic Galaxies—Nebular—Active Galactic Nucleus—Photoionization models  \n1. INTRODUCTION  \nIonized gases are widely present in galaxies and are closely related to star formation and the activity of the central supermassive black holes (SMBHs, Baldwin et al. 1981; Kennicutt 1998; Heckman et al. 1990; Kewley et al. 2001) . With the emergence of integral field spectroscopy (IFS) surveys, we can obtain a large number of spatially resolved spectra, where we can find some distinctive ionized regions with unusual physical properties. Recently, some off-galaxy emission-line regions without significant optical counterparts (i.e. Hα blobs) are detected in local IFS surveys (Lin et al. 2017; Bait et al. 2019; Pan et al. 2020; Ji et al. 2021) . These blobs have been rarely observed and studied, and their physical origin is still unclear. Some of them are believed to be possibly related to the Active galactic nuclei (AGNs, Bait et al. 2019; Pan et al. 2020) . Finding Hα blobs may gives us a new way to investigate AGN activities, especially for weak, obscured, and faded AGNs (e.g. Hanny’s Voorwerp, Lintott et al. 2009) . Furthermore, it can also become a potential method for detecting in  \nCorresponding author: Enci Wang, Zhicheng He, and Xu Kong  \n[ecwang16@ustc.edu.cn](ecwang16@ustc.edu.cn), [zcho@ustc.edu.cn](zcho@ustc.edu.cn), [xkong@ustc.edu.cn](xkong@ustc.edu.cn)  \ntermediate mass black holes (IMBHs) in dwarf galaxies, which are intriguing in enhancing our comprehension of the historical growth and evolution of all central supermassive black holes (Fryer et al. 2001; Madau & Rees 2001; G¨ultekin et al. 2022) .  \nWhen a black hole is obscured or dormant, its presence can be inferred through the ionization region at the galactic scale, known as the BPT (named after “Baldwin, Phillips & Telervich”) diagnostic map (Baldwin et al. 1981) . However, this traditional BPT diagram may not work for IMBH potential hosts because of the typical low metallicity of host galaxies, especially for galaxies with stellar masses less than 10 10 M⊙ .  \nHere, we report a low-mass galaxy initially misclassified as an H II region by traditional BPT analysis. However, by recognizing its distinctive biconical ionization region (Antonucci 1993; He et al. 2018; Shenet al. 2023), and combining its multi-band properties, we confirm the presence of a black hole at its center, whose mass (∼7.2×105 M⊙) is close to th","cbCaig17P8ZRi1Jk","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaig17P8ZRi1Jk","pdf",907540,1,15,"English","en",105,"# Abstract\n# Introduction\n# The Galaxy Identification\n## Morphological selection in MaNGA\n# Data Analysis and Results\n# Physical Origin of the Two Blobs\n# Conclusion","[{\"question\":\"What observational feature led to selecting MaNGA 9885-9102 as a candidate system?\",\"answer\":\"The galaxy shows distinctive bipolar Hα blobs on the minor axis, along with related ionized emission properties used for initial selection from the MaNGA survey.\"},{\"question\":\"Why is the origin of the two Hα blobs confusing under standard diagnostics?\",\"answer\":\"Although the bipolar Hα feature can be associated with AGN activity, both blobs fall into H II regions on the BPT diagram, making the physical origin ambiguous.\"},{\"question\":\"What evidence supports an AGN as the ionizing source rather than star formation?\",\"answer\":\"Swift UV continuum lacks UV counterparts for the blobs, and detailed photoionization models prefer an AGN origin over star-forming scenarios with a significance of 5.8σ.\"}]","Bipolar blobs as evidence of hidden AGN activities in the low-mass galaxies - draft version | PDF",1787307084,38,{"code":4,"msg":31,"data":32},"ok",{"site_id":24,"language":23,"slug":33,"title":13,"keywords":34,"description":14,"schema_data":35,"social_meta":87,"head_meta":89,"extra_data":91,"updated_unix":28},"bipolar-blobs-as-evidence-of-hidden-agn-activities-in-the-low-mass-galaxies-draft-version","",{"@graph":36,"@context":86},[37,54,69],{"@type":38,"itemListElement":39},"BreadcrumbList",[40,44,48,51],{"item":41,"name":42,"@type":43,"position":20},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":45,"name":46,"@type":43,"position":47},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":49,"name":12,"@type":43,"position":50},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":52,"name":13,"@type":43,"position":53},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/bipolar-blobs-as-evidence-of-hidden-agn-activities-in-the-low-mass-galaxies-draft-version/135203/",4,{"url":52,"name":13,"@type":55,"author":56,"headline":13,"publisher":58,"fileFormat":61,"inLanguage":23,"description":14,"dateModified":62,"datePublished":63,"encodingFormat":61,"isAccessibleForFree":64,"interactionStatistic":65},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":57},"Person",{"url":41,"name":59,"@type":60},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-08-23","2026-08-21",true,{"@type":66,"interactionType":67,"userInteractionCount":20},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":68},"ViewAction",{"@type":70,"mainEntity":71},"FAQPage",[72,78,82],{"name":73,"@type":74,"acceptedAnswer":75},"What observational feature led to selecting MaNGA 9885-9102 as a candidate system?","Question",{"text":76,"@type":77},"The galaxy shows distinctive bipolar Hα blobs on the minor axis, along with related ionized emission properties used for initial selection from the MaNGA survey.","Answer",{"name":79,"@type":74,"acceptedAnswer":80},"Why is the origin of the two Hα blobs confusing under standard diagnostics?",{"text":81,"@type":77},"Although the bipolar Hα feature can be associated with AGN activity, both blobs fall into H II regions on the BPT diagram, making the physical origin ambiguous.",{"name":83,"@type":74,"acceptedAnswer":84},"What evidence supports an AGN as the ionizing source rather than star formation?",{"text":85,"@type":77},"Swift UV continuum lacks UV counterparts for the blobs, and detailed photoionization models prefer an AGN origin over star-forming scenarios with a significance of 5.8σ.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":52,"og:type":88,"og:title":13,"og:site_name":59,"og:description":14},"article",{"robots":90,"canonical":52},"index,follow",{"doc_id":7,"site_id":24},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":93},[94,98,102,106,111,116,121,124,129,132,136],{"id":20,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":95,"show_sort_weight":96,"slug":97},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":47,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":99,"show_sort_weight":100,"slug":101},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":53,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":103,"show_sort_weight":104,"slug":105},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":107,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":108,"show_sort_weight":109,"slug":110},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":112,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":113,"show_sort_weight":114,"slug":115},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":117,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":118,"show_sort_weight":119,"slug":120},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":11,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":12,"show_sort_weight":122,"slug":123},30,"research-report",{"id":125,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":126,"show_sort_weight":127,"slug":128},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":127,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":130,"show_sort_weight":127,"slug":131},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":133,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":134,"show_sort_weight":133,"slug":135},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":137,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":138,"show_sort_weight":107,"slug":139},19,"General","general"]