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The study formulates ivermectin nanocrystals to enhance solubility and systemic delivery, then coats them with platelet membranes to enable active homing. Characterization confirms protein retention and sustained release. In vitro and in vivo results show selective cytotoxicity, reduced off-target distribution, tumor-growth inhibition, marker modulation, immune cell infiltration, and lung anti-metastatic effects.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/biomimetic-platelet-membrane-camouflaged-ivermectin-nanocrystals-for-tumor-homing-and-breast-cancer-management/354472/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/biomimetic-platelet-membrane-camouflaged-ivermectin-nanocrystals-for-tumor-homing-and-breast-cancer-management/354472.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Anna Hans","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-09-23","2026-09-22",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":81},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What problem does PMV/Ivm-NC address in triple-negative breast cancer treatment?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"It targets triple-negative breast cancer with active tumor homing while mitigating ivermectin limitations such as poor aqueous solubility and high toxicity that restrict parenteral use.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How are the ivermectin nanocrystals and platelet-membrane coating prepared and verified?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Ivermectin nanocrystals are first created to improve solubility and delivery, then platelet membranes are used to form platelet-mimetic PMV/Ivm-NC. Protein coating and retention are confirmed using SDS-PAGE profiling and immunocytochemistry for P-selectin.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What therapeutic effects were observed in vitro and in mice?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"In vitro, PMV/Ivm-NC shows higher selective cytotoxicity and anti-migratory activity on MDA-MB-231 cells with better compatibility on normal fibroblasts. In 4T1 tumor-bearing mice, it enhances preferential tumor homing, reduces off-target distribution, inhibits tumor growth, modulates oncogenic and apoptotic markers, increases CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell infiltration, and shows anti-metastatic lung activity.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},354472,1790145724,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":81,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},5909892332657,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_994ba38a5ba835b3df7d355c54d3ed8d","Drug Delivery and Translational Research (2026) 16:2883–2910  \n[https://doi.org/10.1007/s13346-025-02032-2](https://doi.org/10.1007/s13346-025-02032-2)  \nBiomimetic platelet‑membrane camouflaged ivermectin nanocrystals for tumor homing and breast cancer management  \nMarwa M. Sheir1 · Salma E. El‑Habashy1 · Eman Sheta2 · Maha M. A. Nasra1 · OssamaY. Abdallah1  \nReceived: 24 September 2025 / Accepted: 8 December 2025 / Published online: 6 January 2026 © The Author(s) 2026  \nAbstract  \nLeveraging the intrinsic platelet-cancer cell crosstalk through platelet membrane-coated nanosystems offers a promising avenue for targeted drug delivery, particularly against triple-negative breast cancer, the most aggressive highly metastatic breast cancer subtype. In parallel, repurposing the antiparasitic ivermectin (Ivm) for anticancer applications is hindered by poor solubility and high toxicity, restricting its parenteral administration. In this study, ivermectin nanocrystals (Ivm-NC) were first developed to enhance drug solubility and systemic delivery. Afterwards, platelet-membrane was employed for realizing platelet-mimetic-camouflaged PMV/Ivm-NC for active-targeted tumor homing, immune evasion and higher biocompatibility. The innovative PMV/Ivm-NC presented optimum particle-size and zeta-potential, while exhibiting a sustained release pattern. Successful coating and retention of platelet membrane proteins was confirmed by SDS-PAGE profiling and immunocytochemistry for the platelet-membrane-protein P-selectin. In vitro studies for PMV/Ivm-NC demonstrated higher selective-cytotoxicity (IC50 2.89 ± 0.38 µg/mL) and anti-migratory potential on MDA-MB-231 cells, and cytocompatibility on normal human fibroblasts vs. uncoated Ivm-NC. In 4T1-tumor-bearing BALB/c mice, PMV-functionalization fostered preferential tumor-homing and reduced off-target distribution, compared to uncoated-NC. In addition, PMV/Ivm-NC secured pronounced tumor-growth inhibition, down-regulation of oncogenic markers (VEGF and cyclin D1), upregulation of proapoptotic Bax and caspase-3, and enhanced immune-infiltration of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells, suggesting Ivm-induced immunogenic cell death. Histological evaluation confirmed higher tumor-necrosis and lower mitotic-count, as well as a notable lung-antimetastatic activity. Serum biochemistry and histopathology confirmed favorable biocompatibility. Together, our findings highlight PMV/Ivm-NC as a promising biomimetic-camouflaged nanoplatform for harnessing Ivm repurposed anticancer immunotherapy and reducing possible toxicity with selective, active targeting of triple negative breast cancer.  \nKeywords Drug repurposing · P-selectin · Cell-membrane coating · TNBC · Metastasis · Immunotherapy  \nIntroduction  \nIvermectin (Ivm) is a broad spectrum antiparasitic drug derived from avermectins, a class of macrocytic lactones originally isolated from Streptomyces avermitilis. It was first introduced to the market in the early 1980 s for veterinary use, followed by its approval for human use against endoparasitic infections, including onchocerciasis (river blindness),  \n* Salma E. El-Habashy  \n[salma.elhaleem@alexu.edu.eg](salma.elhaleem@alexu.edu.eg); [dr.salma.essam@hotmail.com](dr.salma.essam@hotmail.com)  \n1 Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, 1 Khartoum Square, Azarita, P.O. Box 21521, Alexandria, Egypt  \n2 Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt  \nfilariasis, and strongyloidiasis, and ectoparasites including scabies and lice [1] . This breakthrough led to the awarding of the 2015 Nobel Prize in physiology and medicine to William C. Campbell and Satoshi Omura for their discovery and therapeutic application of avermectins [2] . In recent years, Ivm has gained growing interest for its repurposing in nonparasitic diseases including antiviral [3], anti-inflammatory [4] and anticancer properties [5, 6] . Notably, its anticancer potential has been investigated ","cbCaiuHpu1XnDuCS","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiuHpu1XnDuCS","pdf",19632220,28,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction","[{\"question\":\"What problem does PMV/Ivm-NC address in triple-negative breast cancer treatment?\",\"answer\":\"It targets triple-negative breast cancer with active tumor homing while mitigating ivermectin limitations such as poor aqueous solubility and high toxicity that restrict parenteral use.\"},{\"question\":\"How are the ivermectin nanocrystals and platelet-membrane coating prepared and verified?\",\"answer\":\"Ivermectin nanocrystals are first created to improve solubility and delivery, then platelet membranes are used to form platelet-mimetic PMV/Ivm-NC. Protein coating and retention are confirmed using SDS-PAGE profiling and immunocytochemistry for P-selectin.\"},{\"question\":\"What therapeutic effects were observed in vitro and in mice?\",\"answer\":\"In vitro, PMV/Ivm-NC shows higher selective cytotoxicity and anti-migratory activity on MDA-MB-231 cells with better compatibility on normal fibroblasts. In 4T1 tumor-bearing mice, it enhances preferential tumor homing, reduces off-target distribution, inhibits tumor growth, modulates oncogenic and apoptotic markers, increases CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell infiltration, and shows anti-metastatic lung activity.\"}]","Biomimetic platelet-membrane camouflaged ivermectin nanocrystals for tumor homing and breast cancer management | PDF",1790110810,71]