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It includes enzyme action, enzyme production sites, and qualitative testing and pH investigation practical activities. The pack then examines the heart, blood vessels and blood components, including vessel structure–function links and blood flow rate. Finally, it explores coronary heart disease, health–disease relationships, disease interactions, sampling principles and lifestyle-linked risk factors for non-communicable diseases.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":20,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/exam/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/biology-pack-2-organisation-revision-pack-topic-2/208119/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/biology-pack-2-organisation-revision-pack-topic-2/208119.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Stanley","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-20","2026-09-05",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",14,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"How do enzymes work in living organisms, and how can digestion be explained using the lock and key model?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"Enzymes catalyse specific reactions because of the shape of their active site. Digestive enzymes break food into small soluble molecules that can be absorbed; carbohydrases produce simple sugars, proteases produce amino acids, and lipases break down fats into glycerol and fatty acids.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"What is the double circulatory system, and what roles do the ventricles and pacemaker cells play?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"The heart pumps blood around the body in a double circulatory system. The right ventricle pumps blood to the lungs for gas exchange, while the left ventricle pumps blood to the rest of the body. Resting heart rate is controlled by pacemaker cells in the right atrium.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"What happens in coronary heart disease, and what treatment options are discussed?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"In coronary heart disease, fatty material builds up in coronary arteries, narrowing them and reducing oxygen supply to the heart muscle. Stents can keep arteries open, statins can reduce cholesterol levels to slow deposit, and faulty valves may be replaced with biological or mechanical valves; in heart failure, heart or heart-and-lungs transplant may be used.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},208119,1788602510,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":19,"category_name":20,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":140,"language":141,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":142,"faqs":143,"seo_title":144,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":130,"read_time":145},2336477405376,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_29158cc5080c5b710cf443261637dec0","Revision Pack Topic 2-Organisation  \n\n|  | R/A/G |\n| --- | --- |\n| Animal tissues, organs and organ systems |  |\n| The human digestive system |  |\n| Carry out rate calculations for chemical reactions. |  |\n| Enzymes catalyse specific reactions in living organisms due to the shape of their active site. |  |\n| Use the ‘lock and key theory’ as a simplified model to explain enzyme action.\u003Cbr>Digestive enzymes convert food into small soluble molecules that can be absorbed into the bloodstream. Carbohydrases break down carbohydrates to simple sugars. Amylase is a carbohydrase which breaks down starch. Proteases break down proteins to amino acids. Lipases break down lipids (fats) to glycerol and fatty acids. The products of digestion are used to build new carbohydrates, lipids and proteins. Some glucose is used in respiration. Bile is made in the liver and stored in the gall bladder. It is alkaline to neutralise hydrochloric acid from the stomach. It also emulsifies fat to form small droplets which increases the surface area. The alkaline conditions and large surface area increase the rate of fat breakdown by lipase. |  |\n| Recall the sites of production and the action of amylase, proteases and lipases. |  |\n| Required practical activity 4: use qualitative reagents to test for a range of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins. |  |\n| Required practical activity 5: investigate the effect of pH on the rate of reaction of amylase enzyme. |  |\n| The heart and blood vessels |  |\n| Recall the blood vessels associated with the heart (aorta, vena cava, pulmonary artery, pulmonary vein and coronary arteries) |  |\n| Recall the structure of the lungs (trachea, bronchi, alveoli and the capillary network surrounding the alveoli) |  |\n| The heart is an organ that pumps blood around the body in a double circulatory system. The right ventricle pumps blood to the lungs where gas exchange takes place. The left ventricle pumps blood around the rest of the body. The natural resting heart rate is controlled by a group of cells located in the right atrium that act as a pacemaker. Artificial pacemakers are electrical devices used to correct irregularities in the heart rate. |  |\n| The body contains three different types of blood vessel:\u003Cbr>• arteries\u003Cbr>• veins\u003Cbr>• capillaries.\u003Cbr>Explain how the structure of these vessels relates to their functions. |  |\n| Use simple compound measures such as rate and carry out rate calculations for blood flow. |  |\n| Blood |  |\n| Blood is a tissue consisting of plasma, in which the red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets are suspended. |  |\n\nRevision Pack Topic 2-Organisation  \n\n| Recognise different types of blood cells in a photograph or diagram, and explain how they are adapted to their functions. |  |\n| --- | --- |\n| Coronary heart disease: a non-communicable disease |  |\n| Evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of treating cardiovascular diseases by drugs, mechanical devices or transplant. |  |\n| In coronary heart disease layers of fatty material build up inside the coronary arteries, narrowing them. This reduces the flow of blood through the coronary arteries, resulting in a lack of oxygen for the heart muscle. Stents are used to keep the coronary arteries open. Statins are widely used to reduce blood cholesterol levels which slows down the rate of fatty material deposit. In some people heart valves may become faulty, preventing the valve from opening fully, or the heart valve might develop a leak. Faulty heart valves can be replaced using biological or mechanical valves. In the case of heart failure a donor heart, or heart and lungs can be transplanted. Artificial hearts are occasionally used to keep patients alive whilst waiting for a heart transplant, or to allow the heart to rest as an aid to recovery. |  |\n| Health issues |  |\n| Describe the relationship between health and disease and the interactions between different types of disease. Health is the state of physical and mental well-being. Diseases, ","cbCaigqWsO9H91MJ","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaigqWsO9H91MJ","pdf",511042,26,"English","# Revision Pack Topic 2 - Organisation\n## Animal tissues, organs and organ systems\n## The human digestive system\n## The heart and blood vessels\n## Blood\n## Coronary heart disease: a non-communicable disease\n## Health issues\n## Sampling in scientific data\n## The effect of lifestyle on non-communicable diseases\n## Risk factors and disease interactions","[{\"question\":\"How do enzymes work in living organisms, and how can digestion be explained using the lock and key model?\",\"answer\":\"Enzymes catalyse specific reactions because of the shape of their active site. Digestive enzymes break food into small soluble molecules that can be absorbed; carbohydrases produce simple sugars, proteases produce amino acids, and lipases break down fats into glycerol and fatty acids.\"},{\"question\":\"What is the double circulatory system, and what roles do the ventricles and pacemaker cells play?\",\"answer\":\"The heart pumps blood around the body in a double circulatory system. The right ventricle pumps blood to the lungs for gas exchange, while the left ventricle pumps blood to the rest of the body. Resting heart rate is controlled by pacemaker cells in the right atrium.\"},{\"question\":\"What happens in coronary heart disease, and what treatment options are discussed?\",\"answer\":\"In coronary heart disease, fatty material builds up in coronary arteries, narrowing them and reducing oxygen supply to the heart muscle. Stents can keep arteries open, statins can reduce cholesterol levels to slow deposit, and faulty valves may be replaced with biological or mechanical valves; in heart failure, heart or heart-and-lungs transplant may be used.\"}]","Biology Pack 2 - Organisation - Revision Pack Topic 2 | PDF",66]