[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-216888-en":3,"doc-seo-216888-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":91},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":4,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":20,"is_downloadable":20,"audit_status":20,"page_count":21,"language":22,"language_code":23,"site_id":24,"html_lang":23,"table_of_contents":25,"faqs":26,"seo_title":27,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},216888,4810365810221,"Aurora","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d",8,"Research & Report","Biological approach to breakdown of complex polysaccharides","Workshop presentation on the biological processes for breaking down complex polysaccharides, linking biomass recalcitrance to lignin and crystallinity and outlining how technological conversion can yield hexoses and pentoses. Emphasis is placed on integrated development across pretreatment, enzymatic hydrolysis, fermentation, and distillation, while highlighting the difficulty of designing effective enzyme cocktails without deep knowledge of structure–function relationships and enzyme–substrate interactions. Pretreatment effects on enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency and relevant analytical approaches are discussed using published examples.","Workshop conjunto do Centro Paulista de Pesquisa em Bioenergia euniversidades de Nottingham e Birmingham (FAPESP, 14 de maio 2012)  \nBiological approach to breakdown of complex  \npolysaccharides  \nIgor Polikarpov IFSC/USP  \nIgor Polikarpov ,(e): [ipolikarpov@ifsc.usp.br](ipolikarpov@ifsc.usp.br)  \nUNIVERSIDADE DE SÃO PAULO  \nInstituto de Física de São Carlos  \nNorway Sweden  \nUK  \nHolland Belgium France  \nCellulose and glucose Hemicellulose and Pentose  \nsugars  \nLignins  \nMarcos Buckeridge & Wanderley dos Santos  \nXylosidases  \nXylanases  \nBetaglucosidases  \nExoglucanases  \nExpansins  \n Biomass recalcitrance: Lignin and crystallinity.  \nCapillary isoelectric focusing (CIEF)  \nHui, J. P. M., Lanthier, P., White, T.C., et al., Journal of Chromatography B, 752 (2001) 349–368  \nKEY POINTS  \n Biomass is recalcitrant, but can be transformed into hexoses and pentoses in technological process that evolves pre-treatment, enzymatic hydrolysis, fermentation and distillation.  \n All these major technological steps should be developed in an integrated manner, optimizing the process as a whole.  \n It is difficult, if not impossible, to develop customized enzymatic cocktails without profound comprehension of structure-functional relationships that govern glycoside hydrolysis and the enzymes interaction with the substrates (i.e. pre-processed biomass) and to engineer microorganisms capable of expressing the enzymes, inexpensively and in bulk quantities.  \n• Pretreatment of Biomass  \nEfficiency of enzymatic hydrolysis of alkaline pretreated cellulignin increases with severity of pre-treatment  \nEFF ICIENCY OF PRETREATED SUGARCANE BAGASSE HYDROLYSIS  \nG lucose (g/L)  \n45  \n40  \n35  \n30  \n25  \n20  \n15  \n10  \n5  \n0  \n-5  \n 0.10  \n0.50 1.00  \n2.00  \n4.00  \nBagasse Cellulignin  \nconcentration,%  \n-3 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24  \nTime (h)  \nMaeda, Serpa, et al. (2011) Proc. Biochem. 46:1196-1201  \nComposition of bagasse samples after pretreatment steps  \nRezende, et al. , Biotechnology for Biofuels (2011) 4:54","cbCaidZI2FFnF8aG","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaidZI2FFnF8aG","pdf",5907463,1,45,"English","en",105,"# Key Points\n## Biomass recalcitrance and conversion\n## Integrated technological steps\n## Structure–function and enzyme cocktails\n## Pretreatment of biomass","[{\"question\":\"Why is biomass considered recalcitrant in the presented process?\",\"answer\":\"Biomass recalcitrance is attributed to lignin and crystallinity, which hinder efficient conversion into fermentable sugars.\"},{\"question\":\"What are the main technological steps for converting biomass into hexoses and pentoses?\",\"answer\":\"The process involves pre-treatment, enzymatic hydrolysis, fermentation, and distillation, developed in an integrated manner to optimize the whole workflow.\"},{\"question\":\"Why is it difficult to design customized enzymatic cocktails?\",\"answer\":\"Customized cocktails are difficult to create without a profound understanding of structure–functional relationships governing glycoside hydrolysis and how enzymes interact with pre-processed biomass, as well as how to engineer microorganisms to express the enzymes in bulk.\"}]","Biological approach to breakdown of complex polysaccharides | 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is biomass considered recalcitrant in the presented process?","Question",{"text":75,"@type":76},"Biomass recalcitrance is attributed to lignin and crystallinity, which hinder efficient conversion into fermentable sugars.","Answer",{"name":78,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":79},"What are the main technological steps for converting biomass into hexoses and pentoses?",{"text":80,"@type":76},"The process involves pre-treatment, enzymatic hydrolysis, fermentation, and distillation, developed in an integrated manner to optimize the whole workflow.",{"name":82,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":83},"Why is it difficult to design customized enzymatic cocktails?",{"text":84,"@type":76},"Customized cocktails are difficult to create without a profound understanding of structure–functional relationships governing glycoside hydrolysis and how enzymes interact with pre-processed biomass, as well as how to engineer microorganisms to express the enzymes in 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