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Biogenic (green) metallic silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) produced via plant-mediated protocols offer an alternative nanotechnology strategy, combining cost-effectiveness, ease of preparation, energy efficiency, and reduced toxicity. With unique size, shape, and optical properties, biogenic AgNPs show strong anticancer and photodynamic therapy (PDT) potential. This review summarizes recent advances, mechanisms, targeted therapy efficacy, and toxicity considerations.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/biogenic-silver-nanoparticles-for-targeted-cancer-therapy-and-enhancing-photodynamic-therapy/379136/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/biogenic-silver-nanoparticles-for-targeted-cancer-therapy-and-enhancing-photodynamic-therapy/379136.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Angel","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-04","2026-09-24",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":44},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"Why are conventional cancer therapies often insufficient?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Conventional therapies such as chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery can face resistance, leading to low survival rates. Chemotherapeutic molecules may also damage healthy and cancer cells due to non-target specificity, causing acute side effects.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What advantages do biogenic (green) silver nanoparticles offer?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Biogenic AgNPs can be cost-effective, easy to obtain, energy efficient, and less toxic than chemically or physically produced AgNPs. Their unique sizes, shapes, and optical properties support anticancer activity.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How do biogenic AgNPs relate to cancer photodynamic therapy and targeted therapy?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The review highlights recent advances using biogenic AgNPs as drugs or agents for cancer treatment, including their anticancer mechanisms, efficacy in photodynamic therapy (PDT), and efficacy in targeted cancer therapy, alongside toxicity evaluation.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},379136,1790265314,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":44,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},687207412472,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d","cells  \nReview  \nBiogenic Silver Nanoparticles for Targeted Cancer Therapy and Enhancing Photodynamic Therapy  \nGlory Kah , Rahul Chandran * and Heidi Abrahamse   \nCitation: Kah, G.; Chandran, R.; Abrahamse, H. Biogenic Silver Nanoparticles for Targeted Cancer Therapy and Enhancing Photodynamic Therapy. Cells 2023, 12, 2012. [https://doi.org/10.3390/](https://doi.org/10.3390/)  \ncells12152012  \nAcademic Editor: Dali Zheng  \nReceived: 23 June 2023  \nRevised: 1 August 2023  \nAccepted: 6 August 2023  \nPublished: 7 August 2023  \nCopyright: © 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ([https://](https://)[ ](https://)[creativecommons.org/licenses/by/](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[ ](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[4.0/](4.0/)) .  \nLaser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa; [glorykah26@yahoo.com](glorykah26@yahoo.com) (G.K.); [habrahamse@uj.ac.za](habrahamse@uj.ac.za) (H.A.)  \n* Correspondence: [rahulc@uj.ac.za](rahulc@uj.ac.za); Tel.: +27-11-559-6860  \nAbstract: Different conventional therapeutic procedures are utilized globally to manage cancer cases, yet the mortality rate in patients with cancer remains considerably high. Developments in the field of nanotechnology have included novel therapeutic strategies to deal with cancer. Biogenic (green) metallic silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) obtained using plant-mediated protocols are attractive to researchers exploring cancer treatment. Biogenic AgNPs present advantages, since they are costeffective, easy to obtain, energy efficient, and less toxic compared to chemically and physically obtained AgNPs. Also, they present excellent anticancer abilities thanks to their unique sizes, shapes, and optical properties. This review provides recent advancements in exploring biogenic AgNPs asa drug or agent for cancer treatment. Thus, great attention was paid to the anticancer efficacy of biogenic AgNPs, their anticancer mechanisms, their efficacy in cancer photodynamic therapy (PDT), their efficacy in targeted cancer therapy, and their toxicity.  \nKeywords: anticancer; nanotechnology; phytonanotechnology; biogenic silver nanoparticles; photodynamic therapy; toxicity  \n1. Introduction  \nThe commencement of cancer is provoked by an uncontrolled division of cells, and these cells can then invade nearby normal tissues [1] . Mutations in tumor suppressor genes and proto-oncogenes are often involved in cancer initiation [2] . Cancer remains a leading cause of mortality, and it is expected that its global burden will increase by 2040 with about 28.4 million cases to be recorded [3] . Globally, different conventional treatments are used for cancer treatment by oncologists, including chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery [4] . Yet, most cancers are very resistant to these treatments, leading to a low survival rate in cancer cases [5] . Often, chemotherapy appears as the first option for cancer therapy, and the chemotherapeutic molecules used in this therapy are widely used as primary targets to destroy cancerous cells. However, both healthy and cancerous cells are destroyed by chemotherapeutic molecules since they may be non-target-specific [6,7] These molecules are also noted for inducing acute side effects in patients, and some normal functioning cells, including those in the digestive tract, mouth, reproductive system, hair follicles, and bone marrow blood-forming cells are likely to be injured [6] . Secondary therapeutic methods used in cancer treatment, such as immune and hormone therapy, can also cause severe side effects and abnormalities in patients, such as damage to normal cells and organs, causing a deterioration in the quality of life [8] . Similarly, no current therapy for treating cancer is alluded to as presenting selective blinding to cancerous cells, which leads to unsolicited ","cbCaitdYrSXM5cEo","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaitdYrSXM5cEo","pdf",4758444,26,"English","# Introduction\n## Conventional cancer treatments and limitations\n## Nanotechnology-based alternatives\n# Biogenic silver nanoparticles (AgNPs)\n## Plant-mediated synthesis advantages\n## Anticancer mechanisms and properties\n## Applications including photodynamic therapy","[{\"question\":\"Why are conventional cancer therapies often insufficient?\",\"answer\":\"Conventional therapies such as chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery can face resistance, leading to low survival rates. Chemotherapeutic molecules may also damage healthy and cancer cells due to non-target specificity, causing acute side effects.\"},{\"question\":\"What advantages do biogenic (green) silver nanoparticles offer?\",\"answer\":\"Biogenic AgNPs can be cost-effective, easy to obtain, energy efficient, and less toxic than chemically or physically produced AgNPs. Their unique sizes, shapes, and optical properties support anticancer activity.\"},{\"question\":\"How do biogenic AgNPs relate to cancer photodynamic therapy and targeted therapy?\",\"answer\":\"The review highlights recent advances using biogenic AgNPs as drugs or agents for cancer treatment, including their anticancer mechanisms, efficacy in photodynamic therapy (PDT), and efficacy in targeted cancer therapy, alongside toxicity evaluation.\"}]","Biogenic Silver Nanoparticles for Targeted Cancer Therapy and Enhancing Photodynamic Therapy | PDF",1790234274,66]