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A life-cycle approach evaluates environmental and socio-economic impacts of using IAPs for electricity generation in South Africa or in exported electricity generation in the Netherlands. Supply-chain greenhouse gas emissions are quantified both excluding and including land use change, and water savings are estimated across potential land use transitions. Economic and employment outcomes from IAP removal are also assessed, showing trade-offs between environmental and social benefits and costs.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/bioenergy-potential-from-invasive-alien-plants-environmental-and-socio-economic-impacts-in-eastern-cape-south-africa/140922/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/bioenergy-potential-from-invasive-alien-plants-environmental-and-socio-economic-impacts-in-eastern-cape-south-africa/140922.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Sophia Brooks","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-09-13","2026-08-25",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":29},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What approach is used to assess impacts of invasive alien plants for electricity generation?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"A life-cycle approach is used to evaluate environmental and socio-economic impacts of using IAPs for electricity generation in South Africa or exported and used for generation in the Netherlands.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How do greenhouse gas emissions change when land use change is included?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Supply-chain GHG emissions are reported excluding land use change, and an additional amount is accounted for when land use change emissions are included.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What kinds of benefits and costs result from removing invasive alien plants?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Removal can deliver water savings and employment generation, but the analysis also finds clear trade-offs, including generally net carbon losses after land use transitions even when land is rehabilitated.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},140922,1787646187,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":29,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":129,"read_time":144},962084925636,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_994ba38a5ba835b3df7d355c54d3ed8d","Utrecht University Repository  \n\n| Title | Bioenergy potential from invasive alien plants: Environmental and socioeconomic impacts in Eastern Cape , South Africa |\n| --- | --- |\n| Authors | Vera , Ivan; Goosen , Neill; Batidzirai , Bothwell; Hoefnagels , Ric; van der Hilst , Floor |\n| Published in | Biomass and Bioenergy |\n| Publication Date | 2022-03 |\n| Link | [https://dspace.library. uu. nl/handle/1874/419500](https://dspace.library. uu. nl/handle/1874/419500) |\n| Citation | Vera , I , Goosen , N , Batidzirai , B , Hoefnagels , R & van der Hilst , F 2022 ,' Bioenergy potential from invasive alien plants : Environmental and socioeconomic impacts in Eastern Cape , South Africa ' , Biomass and Bioenergy, vol.\u003Cbr>158, 106340, pp. 1-13. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2022.106340](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2022.106340) |\n| Versions / License | Publisher version |\n| Rights | [https://www. uu. nl/en/university-library/license-and-reuse-conditions](https://www. uu. nl/en/university-library/license-and-reuse-conditions) |\n\nBiomass and Bioenergy 158 (2022) 106340  \nContents lists available at ScienceDirect  \nBiomass and Bioenergy  \njournal [homepage:](homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/biombioe)[ www.elsevier.com/locate/biombioe](homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/biombioe)  \n| Bioenergy potential from invasive alien plants: Environmental and socio-economic impacts in Eastern Cape, South Africa |  |  | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Ivan Vera a, *, Neill Goosenb, Bothwell Batidziraib, Ric Hoefnagelsa, Floor van der Hilsta\u003Cbr>a Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, Princetonlaan 8a, 35C84 CB, Utrecht, the Netherlands b Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, Stellenbosch, South Africa |  |  |  |\n| A R T I C L E I N F O |  | A B S T R A C T |  |\n| Keywords:\u003Cbr>Bioenergy\u003Cbr>Invasive alien plants GHG emissions\u003Cbr>LUC\u003Cbr>Water savings\u003Cbr>Socio-economic impacts |  | South Africa’s natural resources and ecosystems are negatively affected by Invasive Alien Plants (IAPs). We used a life-cycle approach to assess the environmental and socio-economic impacts of using IAPs for electricity generation in South Africa or exported and used for electricity generation in the Netherlands. Supply chain greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of electricity from IAPs pellets, excluding land use change-related GHG emissions, are 31.5 gCO2eq MJ − 1 for electricity generation in South Africa and 31.2 gCO2eq MJ − 1 for electricity generation in the Netherlands. An additional 3.9 gCO2eq MJ − 1 is accounted for if emissions of land use change are included and land is rehabilitated to its natural state. The removal of IAPs results in water savings when considering any potential land use transition, ranging between 1,263 mm year − 1 for annual cropland to 12 mm year − 1 for dense forest. The supply chain costs of pellets are 5,344 ZAR Mg − 1 (285 € Mg − 1) delivered at the power plant in South Africa and 2,535 ZAR Mg− 1 (159 € Mg− 1) delivered at Rotterdam port. Direct full-time jobs generated from removing IAPs up to the conversion-factory-gate are 604 FTE year − 1 for South Africa and 525 FTE year − 1 for the Netherlands. There are clear trade-offs between environmental and social benefits and costs. There are generally net carbon losses when considering the land use transitions after IAP removal, even when land is rehabilitated to its natural state. Using IAPs for electricity can be a valuable strategy for South Africa to generate employment, conserve water resources and reduce GHG emissions. |  |\n\n1. Introduction  \nTo reduce the risk of serious impacts from climate change and avoid a temperature rise of more than 2 ◦ C compared to preindustrial levels, deep greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reductions are required [1]. For developing countries, such as South Africa (SA), reducing GHG emissions is challenging, as these countries also face other urgent development goals, e.g. reducing poverty and inequality [2]. So","cbCaipjH7WrmdCIw","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaipjH7WrmdCIw","pdf",5394929,14,"English","# Introduction\n## Climate change mitigation context\n## Renewable energy role and biomass potential\n## Invasive alien plants as feedstock and water impacts","[{\"question\":\"What approach is used to assess impacts of invasive alien plants for electricity generation?\",\"answer\":\"A life-cycle approach is used to evaluate environmental and socio-economic impacts of using IAPs for electricity generation in South Africa or exported and used for generation in the Netherlands.\"},{\"question\":\"How do greenhouse gas emissions change when land use change is included?\",\"answer\":\"Supply-chain GHG emissions are reported excluding land use change, and an additional amount is accounted for when land use change emissions are included.\"},{\"question\":\"What kinds of benefits and costs result from removing invasive alien plants?\",\"answer\":\"Removal can deliver water savings and employment generation, but the analysis also finds clear trade-offs, including generally net carbon losses after land use transitions even when land is rehabilitated.\"}]","Bioenergy potential from invasive alien plants - Environmental and socio-economic impacts in Eastern Cape, South Africa | PDF",35]