[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-591541-105":59,"doc-detail-591541-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","bilingual-education-reviving-an-american-tradition","Bilingual Education - Reviving an American Tradition","","Bilingual education in the United States is presented as a long-standing American tradition rather than a recent innovation. The text traces early bilingual schooling back to 17th-century Polish settlers in Virginia and surveys later European and language-specific school models across multiple states. It also examines political support shaped by the Cuban Revolution and the 1960s civil rights movement, culminating in the 1968 Bilingual Education Act (Title VII of ESEA), while clarifying that the law’s title did not mandate bilingual instruction.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":15,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/literature/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/bilingual-education-reviving-an-american-tradition/591541/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/bilingual-education-reviving-an-american-tradition/591541.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"supergirl","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-22","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":81},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"Why does the article argue bilingual education is part of an American tradition?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"It traces bilingual schooling to early colonial-era practices, including 17th-century Polish settlers in Virginia, and documents continuing forms of bilingual instruction over time across many states.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What political developments are described as major drivers of broader adoption of bilingual education?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The text highlights two key forces: the Cuban Revolution (and Cuban programs in Florida) and the 1960s civil rights movement, which prioritized education for Spanish-speaking children and instruction rooted in native cultures.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"Did the 1968 Bilingual Education Act require bilingual education?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"No. Despite funding early programs that used students’ native languages to some degree, the act itself did not mandate bilingual education, even though it is often associated with that goal.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},591541,1792404239,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":14,"category_name":15,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":81,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":29,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":44},962088121634,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_9964176cb1d06d4a9deccf72a44ae3dc","Bilingual Education  \nReviving an American Tradition  \nILLUSTRAT IONS BY PAUL ZWOLAK  \nBy Claude Goldenberg and Kirstin Wagner  \nI  \nn the United States, bilingual education continues to provoke 􀀞erce debate. It seems that nearly everyone—from educators to policymakers to parents with school-age children to those without children—has a strong opinion on whether children  \nwith little 􀀛uency in English should be taught academic content in their home language as they learn English.  \nMany people, however, regardless of whether they support this approach, would be surprised to learn of our country’s legacy when it comes to bilingual education.  \nBilingual education has been a part of the American educational landscape since before the United States was forged from a collection of fractious colonies. According to one report, the 􀀞rst instance of bilingual education in the future United States occurred with 17th-century Polish settlers in the 􀀞rst permanent  \nClaude Goldenberg is the Nomellini & Olivier Professor of Education at Stanford University. Previously, at California State University, Long Beach, he was a professor of teacher education, an associate dean of the College of Education, and the executive director of the Centerfor Language Minority Education and Research. Early in his career, he taughtjunior highschool in Texas and 􀀛rst grade in a bilingual elementary school in California. Kirstin Wagner holds an undergraduate degree in international relations from Stanford. For the lastfour years, she has worked with elementary and middle school students in Palo Alto, California. Portions of this article were published online in Goldenberg, “Congress: Bilingualism Is Not a Handicap”(Education Week, July 14, 2015).  \nEnglish settlement of Virginia.1 At the time, the colony was in severe need of the Poles’ manufacturing skills for shipbuilding and glassworks. So the colonial government extended to Poles“the rights of Englishmen,” permitting them to establish the 􀀞rst known bilingual schools on the American continent.  \n􀀝e American Bilingual Tradition by the German scholar Heinz Kloss, 􀀞rst published in English in 1977, further documents the little-known history of bilingual education and other types of support for those whose first language was not English.2 From its colonial beginnings, bilingual education in the United States has existed in one form or another to the present day, with a brief interruption during and right after World War I in the wake of virulent anti-German sentiment and a more general nativist opposition to the use of non-English languages.  \nere have been German bilingual schools in Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, and other states; bilingual schools for Scandinavian languages in the Dakotas, Illinois, Minnesota, and Wisconsin, among other states; Dutch bilingual schools in Michigan; Czech bilingual schools in Nebraska and Texas; Italian and Polish bilingual schools in Wisconsin; French bilingual schools in Louisiana, Ohio, and throughout the northeast ; and Spanish bilingual schools in the southwest and, most recently, in Florida and the northeast. By 1900, contemporary estimates were that more than  \n1 million elementary grade students—more than 6 percent of the  \n16 million elementary grade students atthe time—were receiving bilingual instruction in English and another language.3 is is almost certainly a greater percentage than are enrolled in bilin-  \n28 AMERICAN EDUCATOR | FALL 2015  \ngual programs today, at most around 3 percent of the elementary grades population (prekindergarten through grade 8) .4 The schools educating these 1 million students in 1900 form part of the American bilingual tradition, which is essentially ignored in contemporary debates over bilingual education.5  \nPolitical Support for and Challenges to Bilingual Education  \ne modern bilingual education era in the United States had its origins in the Cuban Revolution.6 Cubans fleeing their native island after 1959 were overwhelmingly from t","cbCaiqVcx2zl4Wjy","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiqVcx2zl4Wjy","pdf",1175432,"English","# Political Support for and Challenges to Bilingual Education\n## Origins and historical legacy\n## Cuban Revolution and Florida programs\n## Civil rights movement and the 1968 Bilingual Education Act","[{\"question\":\"Why does the article argue bilingual education is part of an American tradition?\",\"answer\":\"It traces bilingual schooling to early colonial-era practices, including 17th-century Polish settlers in Virginia, and documents continuing forms of bilingual instruction over time across many states.\"},{\"question\":\"What political developments are described as major drivers of broader adoption of bilingual education?\",\"answer\":\"The text highlights two key forces: the Cuban Revolution (and Cuban programs in Florida) and the 1960s civil rights movement, which prioritized education for Spanish-speaking children and instruction rooted in native cultures.\"},{\"question\":\"Did the 1968 Bilingual Education Act require bilingual education?\",\"answer\":\"No. Despite funding early programs that used students’ native languages to some degree, the act itself did not mandate bilingual education, even though it is often associated with that goal.\"}]","Bilingual Education - Reviving an American Tradition | PDF",1792072688]