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The text includes restrictions on reproduction by Columbia University Libraries and technical parameters such as film reduction ratio, film size, date filmed, backing information, and target identifiers. The embedded excerpt titled “What is Money?” presents a definitional and analytical discussion of money as legal tender, contrasts metal and paper forms, and explains why durability, portability, and legal enactment affect money’s acceptance, value, and circulation.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/bibliographic-microform-target/324764/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/bibliographic-microform-target/324764.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Rowan","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-29","2026-09-21",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":52},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What does the document state about reproductions of the microform?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Reproductions may not be made without permission from Columbia University Libraries.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How does the excerpt define money in relation to legal tender?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Money is described as anything that is legal tender for value, including metal pieces and certain paper pieces made legal tender by legislative enactment.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"Why does the text discuss gold and silver differently from paper money?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"It explains that gold and silver gained value and suitability due to durability and portability, while paper money has a substantial fictitious value because legislation makes it legal tender and drives metallic money out of circulation.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},324764,1790158904,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":52,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},1099514067415,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/100002539d78ffe74a7?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1779092875211072502","98-84392-4Pilling,William  \nMoney  \n[Liverpool?][188-?]  \nCOLUMBIA UNIVERSITY LIBRABIESPRESERVATION DIVISION  \n# BIBLIOGRAPHIC MICROFORM TARGET\n\nORIGINAL MATERIAL AS FILMED-EXISTING BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORD  \nRESTFIICTIONS ON USE:  \n  Reproductions may not be made without permission from Columbia University Libraries.                     \n# TECHNICAL MICROFORM DATA\n\n35mmREDUCTION BATIO:            10:1IIA IB IIB  \nFILM SIZE:              \nDATE FILMED:                      //98INITIALS:          FC.  \nTBACKING\\#:                                                                                                  29617  \n8  \n18  \n阳  \nM ON E Y  \nWILLIAM PILLING  \nDNITTId IVITTIM入8人宜N O N  \nM ONEY  \nWhat is Money?  \nMoney is anything which is legal tender forvalue.  \nPieces of metal stamped by Government as aguarantee of their intrinsic purity and weight,aremoney,provided that by legal enactment creditorsare forced to receive them in due liquidation oftheir claims.  \nIngots of gold,bars of silver and copper,notso stamped,are not money,they are merely com-mercial commodities which may be turned intomoney.  \nPieces of paper having a nominalvalue printedupon them,and made legal tender by legislativeenactment,are also money.But if these piecesof paper are merely the representatives of othermoney,for which they must be exchanged ondemand,they are not money,but are economicalappliances facilitating the use of money.  \nPieces of paper having nominal values andwhich are passed from hand to hand in the liqui-dation of liabilities,but which are not legal tenderby legislative enactment and have currency simplyby reason of the faith of the receivers in thegenuineness of the signatures they bear,and inthe ability of the writers of those signatures topay that nominal value in money,are not money.  \nThe use of metals(more especially of goldand silver)as money,has grown up in the worldfrom time immemorial;the use of paper is a con-trivance of the more modern age.  \nThe necessity of money has arisen from the  \n—4—  \ndevelopment of commercial intercourse,betweenman and man,and between the nations.Anyarticle of general utility,or which is universallyappreciated,would serve as money,but any articleliable to serious deterioration by time or use,wouldnot be generally acceptable,neither would anyarticle whose bulk in comparison with other arti-cles of like value,made it difficult of transfer fromhand to hand,be acceptable.The durability ofgold and silver,and their small bulk in relation toother articles of equal value,early recommendedthem to men as the representatives of value.Quantities of them measured by weight,originallypassed from hand to hand,without the interventionof any legal enactment,in exchange for land,corn,animals,&c.,as an improvement on the primitivesystem of barter—as a modification of that system.It was not until legislative enactment made coinedpieces of metal a legal-tender,that the primitivesystem of barter came to an end,and the use ofmoney was established.  \nThe demand for gold and silver for the pur-pose of coinage,soon became much greater thanthe demand for either of these metals for anyother purpose,the result of this demand beinggreatly to enhance their value in comparison withother articles of general utility,and so to makethem more fitted for use as money than they wereoriginally.Gold and silver thus possess in thepresent day a fictitious value which they would nototherwise possess.Any other substance to whichthis fictitious value could be given,would,ifequally portable,serve the purpose equally well.and would,if produceable by less expenditure oflabour,be much more economical.Hence logic-ally arises the invention and use of paper moneyOf no intrinsic value whatsoever,it has a mostsubstantial fictitious value;in that by legislative  \n—5—  \nenactment,it is legal tender for value.In port-ability,it is superior to both gold and silver,andthe extreme cheapness of production has inva-riably recommended it to every nation in times ofdiff","cbCaigYIufwMZMQP","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaigYIufwMZMQP","pdf",1159468,22,"English","# BIBLIOGRAPHIC MICROFORM TARGET\n# TECHNICAL MICROFORM DATA\n# What is Money?\n## Definitions and legal tender\n## Metals vs. paper money\n## Origins, demand, and circulation mechanics","[{\"question\":\"What does the document state about reproductions of the microform?\",\"answer\":\"Reproductions may not be made without permission from Columbia University Libraries.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the excerpt define money in relation to legal tender?\",\"answer\":\"Money is described as anything that is legal tender for value, including metal pieces and certain paper pieces made legal tender by legislative enactment.\"},{\"question\":\"Why does the text discuss gold and silver differently from paper money?\",\"answer\":\"It explains that gold and silver gained value and suitability due to durability and portability, while paper money has a substantial fictitious value because legislation makes it legal tender and drives metallic money out of circulation.\"}]","BIBLIOGRAPHIC MICROFORM TARGET | PDF",1789968807,55]