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It also records restrictions on use, specifying that reproductions require permission. 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creation of a home market to nineteenth-century factory employment, emphasizing slow emancipation and growing resistance through organized 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MICROFORM TARGET\n\nORIGINAL MATERIAL AS FILMED-EXISTING BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORD  \nRESTRICTIONS ON USE:  \n Reproductions may not be made without permission tfrom Columbia University Libraries.             \nTECHNICAL MICROFORM DATA  \nFILM SIZE:            35mmREDUCTION RATIO:            9:/  \nIMAGE PLACEMENT:IA IIA  \nDATE FILMED:                  399 INITIALS:         7(M  \nTBACKING\\#:                                                                                              27133  \nFILMED BY PRESERVATION RESOURCES,BETHLEHEM,PA.  \n4mhn  \n# Woman's\n\n5℃  \n# Industrial\n\nAdvance  \n308  \nZ  \nBo 74   \n3  \n46-15790B  \n(1848)  \n1923  \nSventy-five years ago the first convention ofwomen was held in Seneca Falls,N.Y.,and areview of what has happened in relation to wom-en's atatus is therefore timely.  \nOMAN'S work was always an importantfactor in America.During the colonialperiod not a single settlement prospereduntil women took up their residence and work init.They played a considerable role in the gain-ing of independence,for with their aid andthrough their timely assistance England wasbrought to terms,as vietory was after all duemore to the suppression of the demand for Eng-lish goods than actual conquests on the battle-field.  \nThe American housewives were the first pro-moters of American industry,the first creatorsof a home market.With the declaration of theboycott on English goods,the good women of thecolonies resolved to do without what they couldnot produce themselves.And while husbandsand fathers fought for their fatherland on thebattlefield mother and daughter worked relent-lessly at the spindle to the same end.  \nProduction depended completely on the homework ot women during the whole of the colonialperiod.But no matter how much the womenworked within the closed doors of their homesthey depended for their labor and its distributionupon the men of their families.The latter did notremunerate the women for their work,for theyconsidered it a part of womanly duties.Thusit came about that though the women earned thebread they ate and the clothes they wore,in theeyes of the law all these belonged to the men.A change of conditions was not 2ossible,since  \nthe domestic system of production depended onwoman's tireless,unremunerative labor,as theSouthern planter depended upon the labor of hisslaves.To bring about a change in woman's po-sition meant the wrecking of the system.  \nThe birth of the nineteenth century ushered inthe age of mechanism,and with it a new era forwomen.The application of machinery neces-sitated the transfer of work from the home tothe factory and woman had to follow in the wakeof her age-long occupations.  \n1814 may well be designated as the year whenwoman left the home for the factory in largenumbers.In that year the first real factory,where all branches of textile industry were unitedunder one roof,was built on our shores.Thenumber of mills multiplied and within the year  \n30,000 women were employed in the trade.  \nThe newly enlisted workers were mostly daugh-ters of American farmers who preferred the workin the factory to the everlasting drudgery in thehome.In the factory they received pay for theirwork which made them at least partially inde-pendent.  \nTrue enough there was still very much left 10be desired in the direction of woman's advance.Emancipation was rather slow in the beginning.The range of woman's activity was limited tohalf a dozen trades.And in these trades womenwere the unskilled laborers who were shiftedfrom one employer to another,everywhere sub-jected to a 13and 14-hour work day.The supply,too,was larger than the demand,for the machineworked a hundred times faster than the handworker,thus leaving in its wake a host of idlehands.Nevertheless,the change in the relationof the sexes was being gradually brought about.  \nFreed at least partially from the desp","cbCaidwsCSGabh67","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaidwsCSGabh67","pdf",469816,11,"English","# ORIGINAL MATERIAL AS FILMED-EXISTING BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORD\n## RESTRICTIONS ON USE\n## TECHNICAL MICROFORM DATA\n## Woman's Industrial Advance","[{\"question\":\"What are the restrictions on reproductions for this microform record?\",\"answer\":\"Reproductions may not be made without permission from Columbia University Libraries.\"},{\"question\":\"What technical microform specifications are provided?\",\"answer\":\"The record lists film size (35mm), reduction ratio, image placement, date filmed, and other filming-related identifiers.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the text describe women’s role in industrial change?\",\"answer\":\"It traces women’s transition from colonial home-based labor and the creation of a home market to nineteenth-century factory employment, emphasizing slow emancipation and growing resistance through organized strikes.\"}]","BIBLIOGRAPHIC MICROFORM TARGET - ORIGINAL MATERIAL AS FILMED-EXISTING BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORD | PDF",1789962652,28]