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This retrospective cohort study evaluates endocrine and metabolic dysfunction before and after iGCT treatment in 99 patients. Results show pronounced post-treatment hormonal and metabolic disturbances, including frequent hormone replacement, growth hormone deficiency, dyslipidemia, and increased overweight/obesity, alongside shifts in specific endocrine parameters. Radiotherapy-related late effects support ongoing monitoring and early intervention to protect long-term quality of life.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/beyond-the-tumor-endocrine-and-metabolic-dysregulation-in-intracranial-germ-cell-tumors-a-retrospective-cohort-study/435948/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/beyond-the-tumor-endocrine-and-metabolic-dysregulation-in-intracranial-germ-cell-tumors-a-retrospective-cohort-study/435948.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Olivia Brown","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-09-29",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",13,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What was the main objective of the study?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"To evaluate endocrine-metabolic dysfunction before and after treatment of intracranial germ cell tumors.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"How many patients were included, and what type of study was it?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"The study was retrospective and included 99 patients treated at a tertiary hospital.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"Which endocrine-metabolic changes were most notable after treatment?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"Most patients required hormone replacement, growth hormone deficiency was common, dyslipidemia occurred in about half, and overweight and obesity increased after treatment.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},435948,1790777639,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":39,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":46,"preview_page_count":4},16904993612988,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_a8503ba1806abce46bf441b54a3ca4cd","Article published online: 2025-10-27  \nOriginal Article 1  \nBeyond the tumor: endocrine and metabolic dysregulation in intracranial germ cell tumors – a retrospective cohort study  \nMayco José Reinaldi Serra 1,2,3 Angela Maria Spinola-Castro 1,3 Nasjla Saba da Silva3 Andrea Cappellano3 Paola Matiko Martins Okuda 1 Adriana Aparecida Siviero-Miachon 1,3  \n1 Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo SP, Brazil. Address for correspondence Angela Maria Spinola e Castro  \n2 Universidade Lusiada, Santos SP, Brazil. (email: [angela. spinola@unifesp.br](angela. spinola@unifesp.br))  \n3 Grupo de Apoio ao Adolescente e à Criança com Câncer, São Paulo SP, Brazil.  \nArq. Neuro-Psiquiatr. 2025;83(10):s00451812300 .  \nAbstract  \nKeywords  \n► Germinoma  \n► Central Nervous System Diseases  \n► Hypopituitarism  \n► Obesity  \n► Diabetes Insipidus  \n► Radiotherapy  \nBackground Intracranial germ cell tumors (iGCTs) often lead to endocrine-metabolic complications;however, their long-term effects are not well understood and characterized. Objective To evaluate endocrine-metabolic dysfunction before and after iGCTs treatment.  \nMethods The present retrospective study included 99 patients with iGCTs treated at a tertiary hospital. Endocrine and metabolic parameters were assessed before and after treatment.  \nResults A male sex predominance was observed (81.8%) . The leading site was pineal (44.4%), and 67.7% of the tumors were classified as germinoma. Radiotherapy was performed in 82.8% of the cases (58.5% cranial and 41.5% craniospinal) . At diagnosis, the incidences of gonadotropin-independent precocious puberty and diabetes insipidus were 15.2% and 48.2%, respectively. Significant endocrine-metabolic changes in patients with iGCTs were observed after treatment, as 72.3% of patients required hormone replacement, 60% had growth hormone deficiency, and dyslipidemia was observed in 49.2% of patients. Overweight increased from 24.2 to 35.4% after treatment, while obesity increased from 10.1 to 15.4% . There was an increase in growth hormone deficiency, hypothyroidism, and hypogonadism, while prolactin levels significantly decreased after treatment. An older age at diagnosis was associated with a lower risk of hypocortisolism (p ¼ 0.005) . Regarding sex, females had lower height Z-scores and a higher frequency of growth hormone deficiency comparedwith males. Tumor-related mortality was reported in 22.2% of patients, occurring on average 2.2 years postdiagnosis.  \nConclusion The high prevalence of endocrine-metabolic complications following radiotherapy highlights the necessity of ongoing monitoring. The treatment demonstrated significant efficacy, as reflected by the notable survival rates. Early intervention is crucial for improving the long-term quality of life.  \nreceived  \nApril 23, 2025  \nreceived in its final form July 20, 2025  \naccepted  \nAugust 2, 2025  \nDOI [https://doi.org/](https://doi.org/)[ ](https://doi.org/)10.1055/s-0045-1812300 . ISSN 0004-282X.  \nEditor-in-Chief: Hélio A. G. Teive.  \nAssociate Editor: Suzana Maria Fleury Malheiros.  \n© 2025 . The Author(s) .  \nThis is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit ([https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/))  \nThieme Revinter Publicações Ltda. , Rua Rego Freitas, 175, loja 1, República, São Paulo, SP, CEP 01220-010, Brazil  \n2 Endocrine dysfunction of germ cell tumor Serra et al.  \nINTRODUCTION  \nIntracranial germ cell tumors (iGCTs) primarily affect children and young adults, accounting for 􀀂 3.3% of cases in children aged 0 to 14 years.1 The observed incidence is 5 .5% in children with central nervous system (CNS) neoplasms undergoing radiotherapy (RT) and up to 14% in cases of CNS neoplasms in Asian countries.2,3 Germinomas are the most prevalent iGCTs in the pineal and sellar ","cbCaitFvPLdL60XI","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaitFvPLdL60XI","pdf",642794,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n# Methods\n## Study population\n# Results\n# Conclusion","[{\"question\":\"What was the main objective of the study?\",\"answer\":\"To evaluate endocrine-metabolic dysfunction before and after treatment of intracranial germ cell tumors.\"},{\"question\":\"How many patients were included, and what type of study was it?\",\"answer\":\"The study was retrospective and included 99 patients treated at a tertiary hospital.\"},{\"question\":\"Which endocrine-metabolic changes were most notable after treatment?\",\"answer\":\"Most patients required hormone replacement, growth hormone deficiency was common, dyslipidemia occurred in about half, and overweight and obesity increased after treatment.\"}]","Beyond the tumor - endocrine and metabolic dysregulation in intracranial germ cell tumors - a retrospective cohort study | PDF",1790676053]