[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-599914-105":59,"doc-detail-599914-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","beyond-programming-and-crafts-towards-computational-thinking-in-basic-education","Beyond Programming and Crafts - Towards Computational Thinking in Basic Education","","Continually rising expectations in basic education aim to equip students with technical skills as information, technology, and automation expand in the workforce. Students are expected to engage early with design, problem-solving, and computational methods across learning areas. Yet teachers struggle to integrate technology and programming into crafts. This systematic literature review analyzes programming descriptions through craft-science concepts, identifying evidence for teaching programming in craft education and detailing combined approaches supporting computational thinking.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/beyond-programming-and-crafts-towards-computational-thinking-in-basic-education/599914/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/beyond-programming-and-crafts-towards-computational-thinking-in-basic-education/599914.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"PakDamar76","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-29","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":34},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"Why is computational thinking considered important in basic education?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Computational thinking is viewed as crucial because it helps students recognize computational aspects in the world and supports problem solving using step-by-step procedures and abstractions.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How does the document distinguish computational thinking from programming and coding?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The study treats computational thinking as analytical problem formulation and solution design, while programming is the process of building executable computer programs; coding is framed as concrete actions using a programming language rather than the overall goal.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What does the literature review aim to investigate regarding craft education?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"It reviews how programming is described through craft science-based concepts of craft labour and seeks examples that enable teaching programming within craft education during basic education.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},599914,1792167496,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":34,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":46,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":31},962090893057,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d","Beyond Programming and Crafts: Towards Computational Thinking in Basic Education  \nSinikka Pöllänen, University of Eastern Finland, Finland  \nKari Pöllänen, Cloudia Ltd, Finland  \nAbstract  \nContinually increasing demands are being placed on the educational system to prepare students with technical skills due to the exponential implementation of information, technology and automation in the workforce. Students should work with design, problemsolving and computational methods and tools early on in their school lives in basic education and across diverse areas of learning. It has been argued that a fundamental understanding of technology requires computational thinking. However, teachers have difficulties integrating technology and programming into students’ active learning in crafts. In this systematic literature review, the main aim is to view descriptions of programming through craft science-based concepts of craft labour and, thereafter, to seek examples to enable teaching programming in craft education during basic education. Considering the selection criteria to undertake the analysis, the final data set comprised of 10 articles dealing with programming and craft, and 68 articles describing the possibilities of combining crafting and programming in basic education. According to the results, it seems that contemporary multi-material and design-based holistic craft may encompass different forms of technology and programming such as prototyping, robotics, microcontrollers, 3D modelling, applications for documentation, visualisation, share-out and storytelling via multiple channels. These all help students to learn computational thinking as they start out with design and practical problems and proceed to technology-mediated programming skills. It is hoped that the findings will provide theoretical perspectives for practitioners and policymakers to see the mutual benefit arising from the integration of crafts, technology and computation in basic education.  \nKey words  \nbasic education, computational thinking, craft, craft education, design and technology education, programming  \nIntroduction  \nComputational thinking is argued to be a crucial skill for the 21st century due to the exponential implementation of information, technology and automation in the workforce (Wing, 2014) . Thereby, increasing demands are being placed also on the educational system to prepare students with technical skills to live in our rapidly changing society (Pellegrino & Hilton, 2012) . Students should work with design, problem-solving and computational methods and tools early on in their school lives in basic education and  \nacross diverse areas of learning (Papert, 1980; Barr & Stephenson, 2011; Foerster, 2016) . Researchers (e.g., Wing, 2008; Webb et al., 2017) have noted that a fundamental understanding of technology requires computational thinking so that students recognise aspects of computation in the world that surrounds them. More widely, according to Wing (2006), everyone who uses computational tools and engages in step-by-step procedures needs computational thinking skills.  \nAho (2011) defines computational thinking as thought processes that are involved in formulating problems in such a way that the solutions can be presented as computational steps and algorithms. Concretely, computational thinking means applying tools and techniques to understand, reason and solve problems in relation to both natural and artificial systems and processes (Denning, 2007), developing general-purpose thinking and design skills (Wing, 2006), and mental tools (Tedre & Denning, 2016) . Educators have been confused by the multiple definitions of computational thinking (see Tedre & Denning, 2016) and subtle distinctions between computational thinking and programming (Barr & Stephenson, 2011) . Viewing computational thinking as planning, learning and scheduling in the presence of uncertainty (Wing, 2006) may disclose the broad relevance of computational thinking f","cbCaint5tKlJiNxF","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaint5tKlJiNxF","pdf",350358,"English","# Introduction\n## Computational thinking as a key 21st-century skill\n## Definitions and distinctions: computational thinking vs. programming\n## Programming and coding in learning trajectories","[{\"question\":\"Why is computational thinking considered important in basic education?\",\"answer\":\"Computational thinking is viewed as crucial because it helps students recognize computational aspects in the world and supports problem solving using step-by-step procedures and abstractions.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the document distinguish computational thinking from programming and coding?\",\"answer\":\"The study treats computational thinking as analytical problem formulation and solution design, while programming is the process of building executable computer programs; coding is framed as concrete actions using a programming language rather than the overall goal.\"},{\"question\":\"What does the literature review aim to investigate regarding craft education?\",\"answer\":\"It reviews how programming is described through craft science-based concepts of craft labour and seeks examples that enable teaching programming within craft education during basic education.\"}]","Beyond Programming and Crafts - Towards Computational Thinking in Basic Education | PDF",1792089676]