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Mechanistic insights and NCL molecular-interaction targeting support strategies to inhibit tumor growth, overcome drug resistance, and improve treatment efficacy. These developments advance personalized oncology care based on tumor molecular 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August 2024  \n\n| DOI: 10. 1111/jcmm.70077 |  |  |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| RE V I E W\u003Cbr>| |  |\n| Beyond biomarkers: Exploring the diverse potential of a novel phosphoprotein in lung cancer management\u003Cbr>Amirabbas Rostami1  | Ehsan Ranjbar2 | Somayeh Amiri3 | Fatemeh Ezzatifar4  |  |  |\n| 1Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran\u003Cbr>2Department of Urology, Uro-Oncology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 3 Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran\u003Cbr>4Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran\u003Cbr>Correspondence\u003Cbr>Fatemeh Ezzatifar, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Farah Abad Road, Sari, Iran.\u003Cbr>Email: [fatemeh.ezzatifar@yahoo.com](fatemeh.ezzatifar@yahoo.com)\u003Cbr>Amirabbas Rostami, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Hazar Jarib Street, Isfahan, Iran.\u003Cbr>Email: [dr.amirabbasrostami@gmail.com](dr.amirabbasrostami@gmail.com)\u003Cbr>1 | BACKGROUND | \u003Cbr>Abstract\u003Cbr>In addressing the challenges of lung cancer, attention has increasingly turned to molecular diagnostics and targeted therapies, with nucleolin (NCL) assuming a pivotal role, especially in non-small cell lung cancer. The aberrant activity and cellular distribution of NCL act as crucial biomarkers for early detection and treatment monitoring, showing a strong correlation with disease progression and patient prognosis. Elevated NCL levels signal advanced disease and poorer outcomes, underscoring its significance in evaluating disease severity and therapeutic response. Strategies targeting the molecular interactions of NCL have spurred innovative approaches to inhibit tumour growth, overcome drug resistance and improve treatment efficacy. These advancements are paving the way for personalized therapies tailored to the unique molecular profiles of patients' tumours. Consequently, NCL stands at the forefront of lung cancer management, symbolizing the move towards more precise and individualized oncology care, and marking substantial progress in therapeutic development.\u003Cbr>K E Y WO R D S\u003Cbr>autoantibody, diagnosis, lung cancer, nucleolin, prognosis, therapy\u003Cbr>involved in cancer pathogenesis.4 Lung cancer mainly manifestsas non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), including adenocarcinoma, |  |\n| Orrick et al. (1973) first characterized nucleolin (NCL)1 as a critical player in eukaryotic cells, influencing cellular proliferation, DNA replication, apoptosis, ageing, chromatin structure, ribosome production and RNA synthesis.2 Intriguingly, in vitro studies have revealed that NCL undergoes self-cleavage in dormant cells, yet remains intact in actively dividing malignant cells.3 Notably, increased levels of NCL mRNA and membranous protein have been observed in various cancers, despite no detected mutations or alternative splicing of NCL gene.2 In lung cancer, changes in NCL expression have garnered significant scientific attention due to its association with proteins |  | squamous cell carcinoma and large cell carcinoma, making up 85% of cases. Small cell lung cancer (SCLC), known for rapid progression anda strong link to smoking, represents a smaller but significant portion. Other forms like mesothelioma, linked to asbestos, and rare cancers like carcinoid tumours also contribute to the spectrum.5 Generally, the prognosis of lung cancer depends on its stage and subtype, with treatments such as surgery, chemotherapy and radiation, which often have non-specific and potentially fatal side effects.6\u003Cbr>In lung cancer, the stabilization of NCL contributes to carcinogenesis by enhancing the expression of various oncogenic mRNAs.7 |\n| Amirabbas Rostami and","cbCaio401kkVuT6F","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaio401kkVuT6F","pdf",6637206,11,"English","# Abstract\n## Background\n## NCL biology and biomarker relevance\n## Therapeutic targeting and clinical implications","[{\"question\":\"Why is nucleolin (NCL) important in non-small cell lung cancer?\",\"answer\":\"NCL shows aberrant cellular activity and distribution in non-small cell lung cancer, and its levels correlate with disease progression and patient prognosis, making it valuable for monitoring and evaluation.\"},{\"question\":\"How do NCL levels relate to patient outcomes?\",\"answer\":\"Elevated NCL levels are associated with advanced disease and poorer outcomes, supporting its use in assessing disease severity and therapeutic response.\"},{\"question\":\"What therapeutic approaches target nucleolin in lung cancer?\",\"answer\":\"Strategies aim to inhibit tumor growth by targeting NCL molecular interactions, helping overcome drug resistance and improve overall treatment efficacy, supported by in vitro and in vivo findings.\"}]","Beyond biomarkers - Exploring the diverse potential of a novel phosphoprotein in lung cancer management | PDF",1790034323,28]