[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-327336-105":59,"doc-detail-327336-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","beta-defensin-index-a-functional-biomarker-for-oral-cancer-detection","Beta-defensin index: A functional biomarker for oral cancer detection","","Ghosh and colleagues develop a non-invasive ELISA-based beta-defensin index (BDI) for detecting oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and carcinoma in situ. The work validates a diagnostic expression dichotomy involving hBD-3 overexpression and hBD-2 underexpression in lesional cells collected non-invasively. Blinded discovery and validation studies evaluate BDI’s ability to distinguish OSCC from benign lesions using ELISA, with a multi-center assessment reporting high sensitivity and specificity. Proof-of-principle results indicate adaptability of BDI to a microfluidic point-of-care assay and potential benefit where pathology services are limited.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/beta-defensin-index-a-functional-biomarker-for-oral-cancer-detection/327336/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/beta-defensin-index-a-functional-biomarker-for-oral-cancer-detection/327336.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Olivia Brown","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-23","2026-09-21",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":24},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What clinical problem does the beta-defensin index (BDI) target for oral cancer detection?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"BDI targets the unmet need for a rapid, objective, non-invasive, low-cost test for OSCC that helps determine when a biopsy is warranted and can support serial monitoring of pre-cancerous lesions.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How is BDI derived from biomarker measurements?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"BDI is calculated from the relative levels of human beta-defensin 3 (hBD-3) and human beta-defensin 2 (hBD-2), using an ELISA readout from non-invasively collected lesional cells compared to contralateral normal cells.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What evidence supports BDI’s diagnostic performance?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Blinded discovery and validation studies show that BDI can discriminate OSCC from benign lesions, and a multi-center validation reports sensitivity and specificity values of about 98% and 83%.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},327336,1790912282,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":24,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":46,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":31,"preview_page_count":4},16904993612988,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_a8503ba1806abce46bf441b54a3ca4cd","Article  \nBeta-defensin index: A functional biomarker for oral cancer detection  \nAuthors  \nSantosh K. Ghosh, Yuncheng Man, Arwa Fraiwan, ..., Anant Madabhushi, Umut A. Gurkan, Aaron Weinberg  \nCorrespondence  \n[skg12@case.edu](skg12@case.edu) (S.K.G.),  \n[axw47@case.edu](axw47@case.edu) (A.W.)  \nIn brief  \nGhosh et al. present a non-invasive ELISA-based beta-defensin index (BDI) detection platform for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) . Blinded discovery and validation studies demonstrate that BDI can discriminate OSCC from benign lesions. A proof-of-principle study shows promise in transforming BDI into a microfluidic intact cell assay for future point-of-care application.  \nd The beta-defensin index (BDI) non-invasively distinguishes OSCC from benign lesions  \nd BDI calculates hBD3 (over)expression/hBD2 (under) expression to detect CIS and OSCC  \nd A multi-center validation study yields sensitivity and specificity of 98% and 83%  \nd The BDI may be adapted to a point-of-care assay using intact cell microfluidics  \nGhosh et al., 2024, Cell Reports Medicine 5, 101447 March 19, 2024 ª 2024 The Author(s) .  \n[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101447](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101447)  \nll  \nll  \nOPEN ACCESS  \nArticle  \nBeta-defensin index: A functional biomarker for oral cancer detection  \nSantosh K. Ghosh,1,2,* Yuncheng Man,3 Arwa Fraiwan,3 Christopher Waters,4 Crist McKenzie,5 Cheng Lu,6 David Pfau,7 Hameem Kawsar,1,2 Natarajan Bhaskaran,1,2 Pushpa Pandiyan,1,2 Ge Jin,1,2 Farren Briggs,8 Chad C. Zender,9 Rod Rezaee,9 Fotinos Panagakos,4 Jason E. Thuener,9 Jay Wasman,10 Alice Tang,11 Hiba Qari,12 Trisha Wise-Draper,5 Thomas S. McCormick,13 Anant Madabhushi,14 Umut A. Gurkan,3 and Aaron Weinberg1,2,15,*  \n1Biological Sciences, Case School of Dental Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA  \n2Case Western Reserve University (CWRU), Cleveland, OH, USA  \n3Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, CWRU, Cleveland, OH, USA  \n4West Virginia University (WVU) School of Dentistry, Morgantown, WV, USA  \n5Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Cincinnati Cancer Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA  \n6Center for Computational Imaging & Personalized Diagnostics, CWRU, Cleveland, OH, USA  \n7School of Medicine, CWRU, Cleveland, OH, USA  \n8Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, CWRU, Cleveland, OH, USA  \n9Department of Otolaryngology, University Hospital of Cleveland, Cleveland, OH, USA  \n10Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Cleveland, Cleveland, OH, USA  \n11Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA  \n12Department of Diagnostic Sciences, WVU School of Dentistry, Morgantown, WV, USA  \n13Department of Dermatology, CWRU, Cleveland, OH, USA  \n14Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA  \n15Lead contact  \n*Correspondence: [skg12@case.edu](skg12@case.edu) (S.K.G.), [axw47@case.edu](axw47@case.edu) (A.W.) [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101447](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101447)  \nSUMMARY  \nThere is an unmet clinical need for a non-invasive and cost-effective test for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) that informs clinicians when a biopsy is warranted. Human beta-defensin 3 (hBD-3), an epithelial cell-derived anti-microbial peptide, is pro-tumorigenic and overexpressed in early-stage OSCC compared to hBD-2 . We validate this expression dichotomy in carcinoma in situ and OSCC lesions using immunofluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. The proportion of hBD-3/hBD-2 levels in non-invasively collected lesional cells compared to contralateral normal cells, obtained by ELISA, generates the beta-defensin index (BDI) . Proof-of-principle and blinded discovery studies demonstrate that BDI discriminates OSCC from benign lesions. A multi-center validation study shows sensitivity and specificity values of 98.2%(95% confidence interval [CI] 90.3–99.9) and 82.6%(95","cbCaiavmXd5DomdT","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiavmXd5DomdT","pdf",5639263,"English","# Summary\n# Introduction","[{\"question\":\"What clinical problem does the beta-defensin index (BDI) target for oral cancer detection?\",\"answer\":\"BDI targets the unmet need for a rapid, objective, non-invasive, low-cost test for OSCC that helps determine when a biopsy is warranted and can support serial monitoring of pre-cancerous lesions.\"},{\"question\":\"How is BDI derived from biomarker measurements?\",\"answer\":\"BDI is calculated from the relative levels of human beta-defensin 3 (hBD-3) and human beta-defensin 2 (hBD-2), using an ELISA readout from non-invasively collected lesional cells compared to contralateral normal cells.\"},{\"question\":\"What evidence supports BDI’s diagnostic performance?\",\"answer\":\"Blinded discovery and validation studies show that BDI can discriminate OSCC from benign lesions, and a multi-center validation reports sensitivity and specificity values of about 98% and 83%.\"}]","Beta-defensin index: A functional biomarker for oral cancer detection | PDF",1789977002]