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It addresses whether GDL should cover all novices or target only youth, noting successful expansion in jurisdictions, and details recommended learner-stage elements such as age, entry testing, supervision, practice hours, restrictions, and BAC limits.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/","Research & 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Foundation  \nThe mission of the Traffic Injury Research Foundation (TIRF) is to reduce traffic-related deaths and injuries.  \nTIRF is a national, independent, charitable road safety institute. Since its inception in 1964, TIRF has become internationally recognized for its accomplishments in a wide range of subject areas related to identifying the causes of road crashes and developing programs and policies to address them effectively.  \nTraffic Injury Research Foundation  \n171 Nepean Street, Suite 200  \nOttawa, Ontario K2P 0B4  \nPh: (613) 238-5235  \nFax: (613) 238-5292  \nEmail: [tirf@trafficinjuryresearch.com](tirf@trafficinjuryresearch.com)  \n[Website: ](Website: www.trafficinjuryresearch.com)[www.trafficinjuryresearch.com](Website: www.trafficinjuryresearch.com)  \nOctober 2005  \nTraffic Injury Research Foundation Copyright © 2005  \nISBN: 0-9200 71-49-X  \nBest Practices for Graduated Driver Licensing in Canada  \nDaniel R. Mayhew Herb M. Simpson Deanna Singhal  \n\n| Acknowledgements |  |\n| --- | --- |\n|  |  |\n\nThis work was supported by the Insurance Bureau of Canada. The opinions, findings, and conclusions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Insurance Bureau of Canada.  \nA draft of this report was circulated to relevant contacts in driver licensing agencies, or their equivalent, in all jurisdictions across Canada. We greatly appreciate their assistance in ensuring that the information pertaining directly to the GDL program in their jurisdiction is accurate and up-to-date.  \n-i- Traffic Injury Research Foundation  \n\n| Executive Summary |  |\n| --- | --- |\n|  |  |\n\nThis report describes best practices for graduated driver licensing (GDL) programs for new drivers in Canada. It is intended to set the standards for the development of new programs in Canada and for enhancing the effectiveness of those already in place. The report contains: a detailed description of current GDL programs in Canada; a comparison of these programs to GDL programs elsewhere; a description of the safety benefits of GDL, including the features that have been shown to contribute to their effectiveness; and, based on these findings, a description of best practices for GDL programs.  \nA central and fundamental issue is whether GDL should apply to all novices or just those who are young. Certainly, both groups are at risk because they are inexperienced; young beginners are at even greater risk owing to the additional influence of age-related factors, such as peer pressure and thrill seeking. Accordingly, jurisdictions in Canada that have already adopted GDL programs have applied it to all beginners – this practice is to be encouraged, especially since evaluations have shown that the collision reductions from these GDL programs extend to novice drivers of all ages. For the same reasons, New Zealand, whose GDL program originally applied only to drivers under the age of 25, has extended its program to all novice drivers, regardless of age.  \nGDL is by definition multi-staged, and research has clearly demonstrated the safety value of this approach over more conventional ones. Accordingly, most GDL programs include a multi-stage system that has, at a minimum, a learner stage and an intermediate stage before graduation to a full licence.  \nThe report describes best practices for the structure and content of these two stages.  \nLearner Stage  \nThe recommended best practices for the learner stage are described briefly below.  \n􀂉 Minimum entry age. The minimum entry age should be 16, which is already the case inmost GDL programs in Canada.  \n􀂉 Entry requirements. To enter the GDL program, beginners should pass a vision test anda knowledge test on the rules of the road and safe driving practices. Parental consent should be required for beginners under age 19.  \n􀂉 Minimum duration. The minimum duration should be 12 mo","cbCailda8BYOxDzy","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCailda8BYOxDzy","pdf",4094727,123,"English","# Executive Summary\n## Learner Stage","[{\"question\":\"What is the report’s purpose for graduated driver licensing in Canada?\",\"answer\":\"The report outlines best practices for GDL program development and enhancement in Canada, including descriptions of current programs, comparisons with other jurisdictions, safety benefits, and evidence-based recommendations.\"},{\"question\":\"Should GDL apply to all novice drivers or only to young drivers?\",\"answer\":\"The report argues GDL should be applied to all beginners, encouraging it especially because evaluations show collision reductions extend to novice drivers of all ages.\"},{\"question\":\"What best practices are recommended for the GDL learner stage?\",\"answer\":\"Key recommendations include a minimum entry age of 16, vision and knowledge testing, parental consent for beginners under 19, a minimum duration of 12 months, a maximum holding period of 24 months, supervised driving by qualified supervisors, required practice hours, and safety restrictions such as a zero BAC limit and night and passenger restrictions.\"}]","Best Practices for Graduated Driver Licensing in Canada | PDF",310]