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Grounded in the Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) of 2015, it explains the “minimum n-size” requirement, the trade-offs between inclusion of outcomes and risk of disclosing PII, and the implications for data reliability and statistical validity. The document outlines mandated reporting expectations and dissemination provisions.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/best-practices-for-determining-subgroup-size-in-accountability-systems-while-protecting-personally-identifiable-student-information-institute-of-education-sciences/584431/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/best-practices-for-determining-subgroup-size-in-accountability-systems-while-protecting-personally-identifiable-student-information-institute-of-education-sciences/584431.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"WPS_1786070896","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":34},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What does the report mean by “minimum n-size”?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"It refers to the single minimum number of students needed to generate statistically sound data for all students and each subgroup while protecting personally identifiable information.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Why is choosing a minimum n-size considered complex?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Smaller n-sizes can include more student outcomes, but they also increase the risk of inadvertently disclosing personally identifiable information and may affect reliability and statistical validity.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What does ESSA require regarding subgroup sample size reporting and dissemination?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Each state must define the minimum n-size for its statewide accountability plan, and the Institute of Education Sciences must publish and widely disseminate a report on best practices, including public and electronic distribution channels.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},584431,1792211143,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":34,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},549768072016,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d","Best Practices for Determining Subgroup Size in Accountability Systems While Protecting Personally Identifiable Student Information  \nINSTITUTE OF EDUCATION SCIENCES CONGRESSIONALLY MANDATED REPORT  \nBest Practices for Determining Subgroup Size in Accountability Systems While Protecting Personally Identifiable Student Information  \nINSTITUTE OF EDUCATION SCIENCES  \nU.S. Department of Education  \nJohn B. King, Jr.  \nSecretary  \nInstitute of Education Sciences  \nRuth Neild  \nDeputy Director for Policy and Research Delegated Duties of the Director  \nNational Center for Education Statistics  \nPeggy G. Carr  \nActing Commissioner  \nThe Institute of Education Sciences (IES) is the statistics, research, and evaluation arm of the U.S. Department of Education. We are independent and non-partisan. Our mission is to provide scientific evidence on which to ground education practice and policy and to share this information in formats that are useful and accessible to educators, parents, policymakers, researchers, and the public.  \nIf you have any comments or suggestions about this or any other IES product or report, we would like to hear from you. Please direct your comments to  \nIES, U.S. Department of Education  \nPotomac Center Plaza  \n550 12th Street SW  \nWashington, DC 20202  \nJanuary 2017  \nThe IES home page address is [http://ies.ed.gov](http://ies.ed.gov).  \nThe IES Publications and Products page address is [http://ies.ed.gov/pubsearch](http://ies.ed.gov/pubsearch).  \nThis publication is only available online. To download, view, and print the report as a PDF file, go to the IES Publications and Products address shown above.  \nThis report was prepared with assistance from the Quality Information Partners under Contract No. EDCFO-16-A-0126 . Mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.  \nSuggested Citation  \nSeastrom, Marilyn (2017) . Best Practices for Determining Subgroup Size in Accountability Systems While Protecting Personally Identifiable Student Information. ( IES 2017-147) . U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences. Washington, DC. Retrieved [date] from [http://ies.ed.gov/pubsearch](http://ies.ed.gov/pubsearch).  \nTechnical Contact  \nMarilyn Seastrom  \nNational Center for Education Statistics (NCES)  \nChief Statistician  \n(202) 245–7766  \n[Marilyn.Seastrom@ed.gov](Marilyn.Seastrom@ed.gov)  \nEvery Student Succeeds Act of 2015  \nSECTION 9209. REPORT ON SUBGROUP SAMPLE SIZE.  \n(a) REPORT.—  the Director of the Institute of Education Sciences shall publish areport on—  \n(1) best practices for determining valid, reliable, and statistically significant minimum numbers of students for each of the subgroups of students, as defined in section 1111(c)(2) of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 6311(c)(2)), as amended by this Act, for the purposes of inclusion as subgroups of students in an accountability system described in section 1111(c) of such Act (20 U.S.C. 6311(c)), as amended by this Act; and  \n(2) how such minimum number that is determined will not reveal personally identifiable information about students  \n(b) PUBLIC DISSEMINATION.—The Director of the Institute of Education Sciences shall work with the Department of Education’s technical assistance providers and dissemination networks to ensure that such report is widely disseminated—  \n(1) to the public, State educational agencies, local educational agencies, and schools; and  \n(2) through electronic transfer and other means, such as posting the report on the website of the Institute of Education Sciences or in another relevant place.  \n(c) PROHIBITION AGAINST RECOMMENDATION.—In carrying out this section, the Director of the Institute of Education Sciences shall not recommend any specific minimum number of students for each of the subgroups of students, as defined in section 1111(c)(2) of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20  \nU.S.C. 6311(c)(2)), a","cbCaitfkxMQj5jPr","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaitfkxMQj5jPr","pdf",632853,49,"English","# Executive Summary\n## ESSA requirements and minimum n-size concept\n## Trade-offs: inclusion vs. PII disclosure risk\n## Reliability and statistical validity considerations\n# Statutory Basis and Requirements\n## Report on subgroup sample size best practices\n## Public dissemination and prohibition on specific recommendations","[{\"question\":\"What does the report mean by “minimum n-size”?\",\"answer\":\"It refers to the single minimum number of students needed to generate statistically sound data for all students and each subgroup while protecting personally identifiable information.\"},{\"question\":\"Why is choosing a minimum n-size considered complex?\",\"answer\":\"Smaller n-sizes can include more student outcomes, but they also increase the risk of inadvertently disclosing personally identifiable information and may affect reliability and statistical validity.\"},{\"question\":\"What does ESSA require regarding subgroup sample size reporting and dissemination?\",\"answer\":\"Each state must define the minimum n-size for its statewide accountability plan, and the Institute of Education Sciences must publish and widely disseminate a report on best practices, including public and electronic distribution channels.\"}]","Best Practices for Determining Subgroup Size in Accountability Systems While Protecting Personally Identifiable Student Information - Institute of Education Sciences | PDF",1792050979,123]