[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-217367-en":3,"doc-seo-217367-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":91},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":4,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":20,"is_downloadable":20,"audit_status":20,"page_count":21,"language":22,"language_code":23,"site_id":24,"html_lang":23,"table_of_contents":25,"faqs":26,"seo_title":27,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},217367,5909887256941,"Mason","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_9964176cb1d06d4a9deccf72a44ae3dc",8,"Research & Report","Bentonite - Risk Assessment Dossier","Bentonite risk assessment dossier focused on evaluating hazards relevant to its use in coal seam gas extraction activities. The document compiles critical information primarily from the ECHA database under EU REACH, and where possible applies Klimisch scoring to judge study quality. Screening concludes bentonite is a tier 1 chemical requiring hazard assessment only. It summarizes chemical identity, key physico-chemical behaviors under heating, regulatory status in Australia and internationally, environmental fate, and the overall environmental effects and PBT categorisation outcomes.","BENTONITE  \nThis dossier on bentonite presents the most critical studies pertinent to the risk assessment of this substance in its use in coal seam gas extraction activities. This dossier does not represent an exhaustive or critical review of all available data. The majority of information presented in this dossier was obtained from the ECHA database that provides information on chemicals that have been registered under the EU REACH (ECHA) . Where possible, study quality was evaluated using the Klimisch scoring system (Klimisch et al., 1997) .  \nScreening Assessment Conclusion – Bentonite is classified as a tier 1 chemical and requires a hazard assessment only.  \n1 BACKGROUND  \nBentonite is a clay generated frequently from the alteration of volcanic ash, consisting predominantly of smectite minerals, usually montmorillonite. It is conventionally used as a mud constituent for oil and water well drilling. Its roles are mainly to seal the borehole walls, to remove drill cuttings and to lubricate the cutting head.  \nBentonite is inorganic, non-toxic and non-irritating. It is not considered hazardous on skin contact as it is employed in cosmetics and skin products as a suspender.  \n2 CHEMICAL NAME AND IDENTIFICATION  \nChemical Name (IUPAC): dialuminum;disodium;oxygen(2-);silicon(4+);hydrate  \nCAS RN: 1302-78-9  \nMolecular formula: Al2 H2 Na2O13Si4 as sodium form of colloidal clay, containing mainly montmorillonite)  \nMolecular weight: 422.29 g/mol (as sodium bentonite)  \nSynonyms: Albagel Premium USP 4444, Bentonite magma, Bentonite 2073, Bentopharm, CI 77004, E558, HI-Gel, HI-Jel, Imvite I.G.B.A., Magbond, mineral sopa, Montmorillonite, Panther creek bentonite, soap clay, Southern bentonite, taylorite, Tixoton, Veegum HS, Volclay, Volclay Bentonite BC, and Wilkinite  \n3 PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES  \nPhysical characteristics of bentonite are affected by whether the montmorillonite composing it has water layers of uniform thickness or whether it is a mixture of hydrates with water layers of more than one thickness. Loss of absorbed water between the silicate sheets takes place at relatively low temperatures (100-200°C) . Loss of structural water (i.e., the hydroxyls) begins at 450-500°C and removed completely at 600-750°C. Further heating to 800-900°C disintegrates the crystal lattice and produces a variety of phases, such as mullite, cristobalite and cordierite, depending on initial composition and structure. The ability of montmorillonite to rapidly take up water and expand is lost after heating to a critical temperature, which ranges from 105 to 390°C. This depends on the  \nRevision date: November 2025 1  \ncomposition of the exchangeable cations. The ability to take up water affects the utilisation and commercial value of bentonite.  \n4 DOMESTIC AND INTERNATIONAL REGULATORY INFORMATION  \nA review of international and national environmental regulatory information was undertaken (Table 1) . This chemical is listed on the Australian Inventory of Chemical Substances – AICS (Inventory) . No conditions for its use were identified. No specific environmental regulatory controls or concerns were identified within Australia and internationally for bentonite.  \nNICNAS has assessed bentonite in an Inventory Multi-tiered Assessment and Prioritisation (IMAP) Tier 1 assessment and concluded that it poses no unreasonable risk to the environment.1  \nBased on an assessment of environmental hazards, NICNAS has also identified bentonite as a chemical of low concern to the environment (NICNAS, 2017) . Chemicals of low concern are unlikely to have adverse environmental effects if they are released to the environment from coal seam gas operations.  \nTable 1 Existing International Controls  \n\n| Convention, Protocol or other international control | Listed Yes or No? |\n| --- | --- |\n| Montreal Protocol | No |\n| Synthetic Greenhouse Gases (SGG) | No |\n| Rotterdam Convention | No |\n| Stockholm Convention | No |\n| REACH (Substances of Very High Concern) | No","cbCait58KzkaKEAK","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCait58KzkaKEAK","pdf",160777,1,5,"English","en",105,"# Background\n# Chemical Name and Identification\n# Physico-Chemical Properties\n# Domestic and International Regulatory Information\n# Environmental Fate Summary\n## Summary\n## Biodegradation\n## Environmental Distribution\n## Bioaccumulation\n# Environmental Effects Summary\n## Summary\n## Aquatic Toxicity\n## Terrestrial Toxicity\n# Categorisation and Other Characteristics of Concern","[{\"question\":\"What is bentonite and how is it commonly used?\",\"answer\":\"Bentonite is a clay produced from the alteration of volcanic ash, mainly consisting of smectite minerals such as montmorillonite. It is commonly used as a mud constituent for oil and water well drilling to seal boreholes, remove drill cuttings, and lubricate the cutting head.\"},{\"question\":\"What does the screening assessment conclude about bentonite’s classification?\",\"answer\":\"Screening Assessment Conclusion classifies bentonite as a tier 1 chemical, requiring a hazard assessment only.\"},{\"question\":\"Does bentonite biodegrade or bioaccumulate in the environment?\",\"answer\":\"As a naturally occurring inorganic substance, bentonite will not biodegrade and is not bioaccumulative. Environmental distribution notes that adsorption and desorption are not relevant for naturally occurring clay materials.\"}]","Bentonite - Risk Assessment Dossier | PDF",1788832513,13,{"code":4,"msg":31,"data":32},"ok",{"site_id":24,"language":23,"slug":33,"title":13,"keywords":34,"description":14,"schema_data":35,"social_meta":86,"head_meta":88,"extra_data":90,"updated_unix":28},"bentonite-risk-assessment-dossier","",{"@graph":36,"@context":85},[37,54,68],{"@type":38,"itemListElement":39},"BreadcrumbList",[40,44,48,51],{"item":41,"name":42,"@type":43,"position":20},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":45,"name":46,"@type":43,"position":47},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":49,"name":12,"@type":43,"position":50},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":52,"name":13,"@type":43,"position":53},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/bentonite-risk-assessment-dossier/217367/",4,{"url":52,"name":13,"@type":55,"author":56,"headline":13,"publisher":58,"fileFormat":61,"inLanguage":23,"description":14,"dateModified":62,"datePublished":62,"encodingFormat":61,"isAccessibleForFree":63,"interactionStatistic":64},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":57},"Person",{"url":41,"name":59,"@type":60},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-09-08",true,{"@type":65,"interactionType":66,"userInteractionCount":4},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":67},"ViewAction",{"@type":69,"mainEntity":70},"FAQPage",[71,77,81],{"name":72,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":74},"What is bentonite and how is it commonly used?","Question",{"text":75,"@type":76},"Bentonite is a clay produced from the alteration of volcanic ash, mainly consisting of smectite minerals such as montmorillonite. It is commonly used as a mud constituent for oil and water well drilling to seal boreholes, remove drill cuttings, and lubricate the cutting head.","Answer",{"name":78,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":79},"What does the screening assessment conclude about bentonite’s classification?",{"text":80,"@type":76},"Screening Assessment Conclusion classifies bentonite as a tier 1 chemical, requiring a hazard assessment only.",{"name":82,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":83},"Does bentonite biodegrade or bioaccumulate in the environment?",{"text":84,"@type":76},"As a naturally occurring inorganic substance, bentonite will not biodegrade and is not bioaccumulative. Environmental distribution notes that adsorption and desorption are not relevant for naturally occurring clay materials.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":52,"og:type":87,"og:title":13,"og:site_name":59,"og:description":14},"article",{"robots":89,"canonical":52},"index,follow",{"doc_id":7,"site_id":24},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":92},[93,97,101,105,109,114,119,122,127,130,134],{"id":20,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":94,"show_sort_weight":95,"slug":96},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":47,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":53,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":102,"show_sort_weight":103,"slug":104},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":21,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":106,"show_sort_weight":107,"slug":108},"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":110,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":111,"show_sort_weight":112,"slug":113},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":115,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":116,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":118},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":11,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":12,"show_sort_weight":120,"slug":121},30,"research-report",{"id":123,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":124,"show_sort_weight":125,"slug":126},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":125,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":128,"show_sort_weight":125,"slug":129},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":131,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":132,"show_sort_weight":131,"slug":133},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":135,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":136,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":137},19,"General","general"]