[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-135375-en":3,"doc-seo-135375-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":92},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":20,"is_downloadable":20,"audit_status":20,"page_count":21,"language":22,"language_code":23,"site_id":24,"html_lang":23,"table_of_contents":25,"faqs":26,"seo_title":27,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},135375,7971461740909,"Levi","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d",8,"Research & Report","Beating Luck - A breakthrough in Major Accident Hazard Prevention","Paper investigates and analyzes root causes of major accidents in the oil and gas industry across onshore and offshore operations. It defines “luck” as outcomes shaped by chance rather than controlled means, then attempts to quantify it through representative accident scenarios and recurring non-compliance patterns. Using Bow-tie and Swiss Cheese models, the study identifies hidden risks linked to non-acceptance of standards and procedures, addresses human and psychological pressures to continue operating, and proposes practical steps to reduce “bad luck” for individual facilities.","Beating Luck: A breakthrough in Major Accident Hazard Prevention  \nKonstantia Kalabaliki – ENERGIA Engineering  \nThe Objective of this Paper is to investigate and analyse the cause/s of Major accidents in the Oil and Gas  \nindustry, onshore and offshore. There will be an attempt to quantify the factor of “luck” and based on that,  \npropose a structured way forward on how Major Accidents could be prevented.  \nThe paper investigates the reasons behind the fact that there have been numerous major accidents over the years  \nand despite many studies and Lessons Learned, things still go wrong. In reality,“full compliance” is almost  \nnon-existent, but, if this is the case, maybe we need to approach operations and process safety of Oil and Gas  \nplants in a different way.  \nWe will reveal the importance of accepting and moving on with long running non-compliance in standards and  \nprocedures, with the help of “Bow-tie” and “Swiss Cheese” models.  \nThe result will reveal that it is the non-acceptance of Standards’ and Procedures’ non-compliance that is the  \nhidden risk for Major Accident Hazards. This way the majority of facilities in the world depend on “competent  \npeople”, which in essence equates to luck.  \nCompetence may not be the only driver for the person-in-charge to shut down a facility. There is a large  \nphycological factor that has to do with the pressure to continue operations, albeit the flow of cash for the  \nOwner/ Boss. This will always vary from person to person and cannot be quantified. Therefore, we can still  \nhave Major Accidents.  \nThe paper presents practical and feasible ways to overcome the “Bad Luck” factor which could lead to Major  \nAccident Hazards for each facility.  \nInvestigating and trying to quantify luck as a component for Major Accident Hazards is definitely a novel way  \nof approaching Process and Operator Safety. This paper may be very interesting for all Operators and their  \nfacilities as it will break the taboo of Standard non-compliance, by presenting ways to overcome the Hazards  \nassociated with that.  \n1. Introduction  \nThe paper will investigate current operation practices in Oil and Gas plants and what can be done so that Major Accident Hazards (MAH) will be avoided as far as practicable.  \nThe factor of luck will be introduced and it will be given a definition suited for the Oil and Gas industry. An attempt will be made to quantify luck, by using examples of common causes of Major Accidents.  \nMoreover, the study will look into individual examples of non-compliance to Standards and Procedures, in order to present easy fixes, which could reduce the chance of Major Accidents.  \nThe study will conclude with a combination of findings involving the use of “Bow-tie” and “Swiss Cheese” models and suggestions on what causes “Bad Luck” and how to beat it with a series of practical steps.  \n2. Quantifying Luck  \n2.1 Definition  \nWhat is Luck?  \nAccording to Oxford Dictionaries “Luck” is: “success or failure apparently brought by chance rather than one’s own actions”.  \nAdopting the meaning of “Luck” in the Oil and Gas industry could be: “safe or unsafe plant operation is brought by chance rather than by controlled means”.  \nThis definition implies that a plant might be operating in a way that appears either “safe” or “unsafe”, but since there are no procedures and standards (controlled means) clearly followed, its “safe” or “unsafe” status depends on luck.  \n2.2. Quantification attempt – Eliminating “Bad Luck”  \nThe last few decades, the industry has worked intensively to identify, design, install and operate the “controlled means” that would ensure “safe operation”. However, accidents still happen. Some of those accidents that have “Slight”, “Minor” or“Moderate”1 effect, are appropriately recorded within the Operator’s premises and most probably the public never learns of them. Some other accidents have “Major” or “Massive” impact and depending where they happen in the world and the spread of ","cbCaibsFeLIF7Mf5","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaibsFeLIF7Mf5","pdf",1507732,1,10,"English","en",105,"# Introduction\n# Quantifying Luck\n## Definition\n## Quantification attempt - Eliminating “Bad Luck”","[{\"question\":\"How does the paper define “luck” in the oil and gas context?\",\"answer\":\"It adapts the notion of luck from chance-based success or failure into the idea that safe or unsafe plant operation occurs by chance rather than through clearly followed procedures and standards.\"},{\"question\":\"Why does the paper argue that major accidents can still occur despite compliance efforts?\",\"answer\":\"It states that full compliance is almost non-existent and that non-acceptance of standards and procedures’ non-compliance becomes a hidden risk. Psychological and operational pressures can also influence shutdown decisions, varying by person.\"},{\"question\":\"How are the Bow-tie and Swiss Cheese models used in the study?\",\"answer\":\"The paper uses them to reveal the importance of accepting and moving on with long-running non-compliance, connecting that acceptance to the underlying causes behind “bad luck” for major accident hazards.\"}]","Beating Luck - A breakthrough in Major Accident Hazard Prevention | PDF",1787310401,25,{"code":4,"msg":31,"data":32},"ok",{"site_id":24,"language":23,"slug":33,"title":13,"keywords":34,"description":14,"schema_data":35,"social_meta":87,"head_meta":89,"extra_data":91,"updated_unix":28},"beating-luck-a-breakthrough-in-major-accident-hazard-prevention","",{"@graph":36,"@context":86},[37,54,69],{"@type":38,"itemListElement":39},"BreadcrumbList",[40,44,48,51],{"item":41,"name":42,"@type":43,"position":20},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":45,"name":46,"@type":43,"position":47},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":49,"name":12,"@type":43,"position":50},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":52,"name":13,"@type":43,"position":53},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/beating-luck-a-breakthrough-in-major-accident-hazard-prevention/135375/",4,{"url":52,"name":13,"@type":55,"author":56,"headline":13,"publisher":58,"fileFormat":61,"inLanguage":23,"description":14,"dateModified":62,"datePublished":63,"encodingFormat":61,"isAccessibleForFree":64,"interactionStatistic":65},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":57},"Person",{"url":41,"name":59,"@type":60},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-08-24","2026-08-21",true,{"@type":66,"interactionType":67,"userInteractionCount":20},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":68},"ViewAction",{"@type":70,"mainEntity":71},"FAQPage",[72,78,82],{"name":73,"@type":74,"acceptedAnswer":75},"How does the paper define “luck” in the oil and gas context?","Question",{"text":76,"@type":77},"It adapts the notion of luck from chance-based success or failure into the idea that safe or unsafe plant operation occurs by chance rather than through clearly followed procedures and standards.","Answer",{"name":79,"@type":74,"acceptedAnswer":80},"Why does the paper argue that major accidents can still occur despite compliance efforts?",{"text":81,"@type":77},"It states that full compliance is almost non-existent and that non-acceptance of standards and procedures’ non-compliance becomes a hidden risk. Psychological and operational pressures can also influence shutdown decisions, varying by person.",{"name":83,"@type":74,"acceptedAnswer":84},"How are the Bow-tie and Swiss Cheese models used in the study?",{"text":85,"@type":77},"The paper uses them to reveal the importance of accepting and moving on with long-running non-compliance, connecting that acceptance to the underlying causes behind “bad luck” for major accident hazards.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":52,"og:type":88,"og:title":13,"og:site_name":59,"og:description":14},"article",{"robots":90,"canonical":52},"index,follow",{"doc_id":7,"site_id":24},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":93},[94,98,102,106,111,116,121,124,129,132,135],{"id":20,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":95,"show_sort_weight":96,"slug":97},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":47,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":99,"show_sort_weight":100,"slug":101},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":53,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":103,"show_sort_weight":104,"slug":105},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":107,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":108,"show_sort_weight":109,"slug":110},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":112,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":113,"show_sort_weight":114,"slug":115},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":117,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":118,"show_sort_weight":119,"slug":120},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":11,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":12,"show_sort_weight":122,"slug":123},30,"research-report",{"id":125,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":126,"show_sort_weight":127,"slug":128},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":127,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":130,"show_sort_weight":127,"slug":131},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":21,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":133,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":134},"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":136,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":137,"show_sort_weight":107,"slug":138},19,"General","general"]