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This makes the charger simpler and cheaper.","Answer",{"name":65,"@type":60,"acceptedAnswer":66},"What determines the maximum safe trickle charge rate for a given battery?",{"text":67,"@type":63},"The maximum safe trickle charge rate depends on battery chemistry and cell construction, because continued charging at full state leads to gas formation and pressure buildup. Improved newer cells can tolerate higher trickle rates.",{"name":69,"@type":60,"acceptedAnswer":70},"What safety constraints apply to fast charging Ni-Cd and Ni-MH batteries?",{"text":71,"@type":63},"Fast charging is only safe when cell temperature stays within 10–40°C, with 25°C considered optimal. Charging in colder conditions requires extra care because internal pressure rises faster and can cause gas release, shortening battery life.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":74,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":76,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":78,"site_id":7},561682,1791971345,{"code":4,"msg":81,"data":82},"success",[83,87,91,95,100,105,109,114,119,122,126],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":84,"show_sort_weight":85,"slug":86},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":88,"show_sort_weight":89,"slug":90},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":92,"show_sort_weight":93,"slug":94},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":96,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":97,"show_sort_weight":98,"slug":99},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":101,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":102,"show_sort_weight":103,"slug":104},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":106,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":107,"slug":108},7,40,"healthcare",{"id":110,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":111,"show_sort_weight":112,"slug":113},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":115,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":116,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":118},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":117,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":120,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":121},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":123,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":124,"show_sort_weight":123,"slug":125},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":127,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":128,"show_sort_weight":96,"slug":129},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":81,"data":131},{"doc_id":78,"user_id":132,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":106,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":30,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":127,"language":139,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144},2336478940917,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_6f874abed73319feea01a86fa6f0fab8","LM2576,LM3420,LP2951,LP2952  \nBattery Charging  \nLiterature Number: SNVA557  \nN National Semiconductor Chester Simpson  \nBATTERY CHARGING  \nIntroduction  \nThe circuitry to recharge the batteries in a portable product is an important part of any power supply design. The complexity (and cost) of the charging system is primarily dependent on the type of battery and the recharge time.  \nThis chapter will present charging methods, end-of-charge-detection techniques, and charger circuits for use with Nickel-Cadmium (Ni-Cd), Nickel Metal-Hydride (Ni-MH), and Lithium-Ion (Li-Ion) batteries.  \nBecause the Ni-Cd and Ni-MH cells are similar in their charging characteristics, they will be presented in a combined format, and the Li-Ion information will follow.  \nNI-CD/NI-MH CHARGING INFORMATION  \nIn the realm of battery charging, charging methods are usually separated into two general categories: Fast charge is typically a system that can recharge a battery in about one or two hours, while slow charge usually refers to an overnight recharge (or longer) .  \nSlow Charge  \nSlow charge is usually defined as a charging current that can be applied to the battery indefinitely without damaging the cell (this method is sometimes referred to as a trickle charging) .  \nThe maximum rate of trickle charging which is safe for a given cell type is dependent on both the battery chemistry and cell construction. When the cell is fully charged, continued charging causes gas to form within the cell. All of the gas formed must be able torecombine internally, or pressure will build up within the cell eventually leading to gas release through opening of the internal vent (which reduces the life of the cell) .  \nThis means that the maximum safe trickle charge rate is dependent on battery chemistry, but also on the construction of the internal electrodes. This has been improved in newer cells, allowing higher rates of trickle charging.  \nThe big advantage of slow charging is that (by definition) it is the charge rate that requires no end-of-charge detection circuitry, since it can not damage the battery regardless of how long it is used. This means the charger is simple (and very cheap) . The big disadvantage of slow charge is that it takes a long time to recharge the battery, which is a negative marketing feature for a consumer product.  \nSlow Charge Rates  \nNI-CD: most Ni-Cd cells will easily tolerate a sustained charging current of c/10 (1/10 of the cell's A-hr rating) indefinitely with no damage to the cell. At this rate, a typical recharge time would be about 12 hours.  \nSome high-rate Ni-Cd cells (which are optimized for very fast charging) can tolerate continuous trickle charge currents as high as c/3 . Applying c/3 would allow fully charging the battery in about 4 hours.  \nThe ability to easily charge a Ni-Cd battery in less than 6 hours without any end-ofcharge detection method is the primary reason they dominate cheap consumer products (such as toys, flashlights, soldering irons) .  \nA trickle charge circuit can be made using a cheap wall cube as the DC source, and a single power resistor to limit the current.  \nNI-MH: Ni-MH cells are not as tolerant of sustained charging: the maximum safe trickle charge rate will be specified by the manufacturer, and will probably be somewhere between c/40 and c/10 .  \nIf continuous charging is to be used with Ni-MH (without end-of-charge termination), care must be taken not to exceed the maximum specified trickle charge rate.  \nFast Charge  \nFast charge for Ni-Cd and Ni-MH is usually defined as a 1 hour recharge time, which corresponds to a charge rate of about 1.2c. The vast majority of applications where Ni-Cd and Ni-MH are used do not exceed this rate of charge.  \nIt is important to note that fast charging can only be done safely if the cell temperature is within 10-40°C, and 25°C is typically considered optimal for charging. Fast charging at lower temperatures (10-20°C) must be done very carefully, as the pressure ","cbCaisjXGweidWAl","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaisjXGweidWAl","pdf",150084,"English","# Introduction\n# NI-CD/NI-MH Charging Information\n## Slow Charge\n## Slow Charge Rates\n## Fast Charge\n## Fast Charge: Possible Cell Damage","[{\"question\":\"Why are slow charge methods often used without end-of-charge detection?\",\"answer\":\"Slow charge is defined as a charging current that can be applied indefinitely without damaging the cell, so it does not require end-of-charge detection circuitry. This makes the charger simpler and cheaper.\"},{\"question\":\"What determines the maximum safe trickle charge rate for a given battery?\",\"answer\":\"The maximum safe trickle charge rate depends on battery chemistry and cell construction, because continued charging at full state leads to gas formation and pressure buildup. Improved newer cells can tolerate higher trickle rates.\"},{\"question\":\"What safety constraints apply to fast charging Ni-Cd and Ni-MH batteries?\",\"answer\":\"Fast charging is only safe when cell temperature stays within 10–40°C, with 25°C considered optimal. Charging in colder conditions requires extra care because internal pressure rises faster and can cause gas release, shortening battery life.\"}]","BATTERY CHARGING - Introduction | PDF",1791806570,48]