[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-413622-105":59,"doc-detail-413622-en":131},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":124,"head_meta":126,"extra_data":128,"updated_unix":130},105,"en","basic-vocabulary-terms","Basic Vocabulary Terms","","Explains how to implement direct vocabulary instruction by selecting appropriate word lists, distinguishing Tier 1 basic words, Tier 2 advanced academic/literary words, and Tier 3 domain-specific terms. Details that 2,845 basic terms are organized using semantic clusters and grouped further into 420 clusters and 60 super clusters, supporting instruction by topic-based word sets. Provides a method for snapshot assessment using 840 test words to place students along a continuum and guide targeted instruction based on performance.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":20,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/exam/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/basic-vocabulary-terms/413622/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/basic-vocabulary-terms/413622.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Jacob","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-09","2026-09-28",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",15,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What are Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3 words, and why are they separated?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"Tier 1 includes basic words that are essential for understanding English; Tier 2 includes more advanced general academic or literary words; Tier 3 includes domain-specific terms. The tiers help structure vocabulary instruction according to the impact each set has on comprehension and reading complex texts.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"How do semantic clusters improve vocabulary instruction compared with teaching single words?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"Semantic clusters contextualize words by meaning, usage, and relationships, allowing teachers to directly instruct groups of related terms. This avoids an overwhelming isolated word-by-word approach.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"How does the snapshot assessment place students on the clusters of basic terms?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"Teachers use a list of 840 test words, with two terms per cluster across 420 clusters. The student’s correct use in sentences determines whether the teacher stops for instruction at the same cluster, moves up to a higher cluster, or moves backward until reaching a cluster the student can handle.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},413622,1790695947,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":19,"category_name":20,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":140,"language":141,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":142,"faqs":143,"seo_title":144,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":145,"read_time":146,"preview_page_count":4},962084931830,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_a8503ba1806abce46bf441b54a3ca4cd","Basic Vocabulary Terms   \nAn important aspect of direct vocabulary instruction is selecting appropriate terms to teach. Beck and her colleagues (2002) designated three tiers of words: basic words like clock, happy, and baby are in Tier 1; more advanced general academic or literary words like coincidence, absurd, imaginative, commercial, muscular, duplicate, and restrict are in Tier 2; and domain-specific words such as pronoun, algebra, isthmus, and quark are in Tier 3.  \nMost native speakers of English will acquire Tier 1 words through conversation, reading, and daily experiences. However, there are two notable exceptions: students from lower socioeconomic status families and English learners. These students may require direct instruction in the basic Tier 1 words listed in this document. These 2,845 basic terms, along with 5,162 advanced terms, were listed in the book Teaching Basic and Advanced Vocabulary (Marzano, 2010) . That book defined basic terms as those terms without which a student’s ability to understand English is severely limited and advanced terms as those without which a student’s ability to read complex texts is limited. This document lists the 2,845 basic terms.  \nClusters and Super Clusters  \nLists of suggested vocabulary terms are often organized by their frequency of use in the English language, giving priority to words occurring most regularly. Unfortunately, this method can be overwhelming for teachers, as it does not provide any alternative to an isolated word-by-word approach to vocabulary instruction. To illustrate, if the 2,845 basic terms were taught in first through third grades, 948 words would require attention every year. Marzano (2010) proposed the use of semantic clusters as a better way to organize vocabulary terms. Semantic clusters are categories that contextualize terms according to their meaning, use, and relation to other words. Semantic clusters allow teachers to give direct instruction for groups of words clustered around a specific topic, rather than trying to address each word individually. A number of studies have directly and indirectly shown the effectiveness of presenting terms in semantic clusters (Graves, 2006; Marzano, 2004; Marzano & Marzano, 1988) .  \nIn the interest of allowing teachers a variety of instructional options for teaching vocabulary, the 420 clusters of semantically related terms have been further classified into 60 super clusters, or clusters of clusters.  \nCopyright © 2013 Robert J. Marzano 1  \nFor example, consider super cluster 10 (Animals), which contains the following clusters:  \n32 Birds  \n35 Baby Animals  \n64 Cats/Dogs  \n65 Land Animals (General)  \n70 Sea Animals  \n82 Reptiles and Mythical Animals  \n95 Insects  \n117 Actions Related to Animals  \n155 Parts of Animals  \n188 Rodents  \n189 Dwellings for Animals  \n194 Animals (General)  \n309 Shellfish (and Others)  \n310 Equipment Used With Animals  \n341 Primates  \nTo shape instruction, a teacher may choose to teach all the terms in a super cluster at once. In a unit on animals, for instance, a teacher might first teach all of the words in cluster 32 (Birds) . When students have mastered the terms in cluster 32, the teacher may move on to the next cluster in the Animals super cluster.  \nA list of all 2,845 basic terms organized into clusters can be found in Appendix A. The terms are bracketed and formatted in boldface for emphasis. Each cluster listed in Appendix A also indicates the corresponding super cluster (enclosed in parentheses) to which it belongs.  \nAppendix B provides a list of all 60 super clusters and the clusters they contain.  \nSnapshot Assessment of Basic Terms  \nTo place students on the continuum of clusters of basic terms, a teacher can use the list of 840 “test words” from the Snapshot Assessment of Basic Terms in Appendix C. The Snapshot Assessment contains two terms per cluster and 420 clusters for a total of 840 test words. The first two terms are from the first cluster, the next two terms","cbCaivUYgfkEvGmh","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaivUYgfkEvGmh","pdf",320464,46,"English","# Selecting appropriate vocabulary terms\n## Three tiers of words\n# Organizing terms by meaning\n## Semantic clusters\n## Super clusters\n# Snapshot assessment method\n## Test words and cluster placement\n## Decision rules for instruction","[{\"question\":\"What are Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3 words, and why are they separated?\",\"answer\":\"Tier 1 includes basic words that are essential for understanding English; Tier 2 includes more advanced general academic or literary words; Tier 3 includes domain-specific terms. The tiers help structure vocabulary instruction according to the impact each set has on comprehension and reading complex texts.\"},{\"question\":\"How do semantic clusters improve vocabulary instruction compared with teaching single words?\",\"answer\":\"Semantic clusters contextualize words by meaning, usage, and relationships, allowing teachers to directly instruct groups of related terms. This avoids an overwhelming isolated word-by-word approach.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the snapshot assessment place students on the clusters of basic terms?\",\"answer\":\"Teachers use a list of 840 test words, with two terms per cluster across 420 clusters. The student’s correct use in sentences determines whether the teacher stops for instruction at the same cluster, moves up to a higher cluster, or moves backward until reaching a cluster the student can handle.\"}]","Basic Vocabulary Terms | PDF",1790595286,116]