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This study investigates barriers to women’s leadership development in Ethiopian higher education, emphasizing how national and institutional policies and practices shape opportunities. Using a phenomenological design, it draws data from 12 women vice presidents and official documents. Findings show persistent glass ceilings and highlight institutional barriers as major drivers that intensify sociocultural and personal obstacles, requiring systemic action from key stakeholders.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/barriers-to-womens-participation-in-and-contribution-to-leadership-in-ethiopian-higher-education-602206/602206/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/barriers-to-womens-participation-in-and-contribution-to-leadership-in-ethiopian-higher-education-602206/602206.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"acoobca","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-04","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":39},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What barriers to women’s leadership development are examined in the study?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The study examines barriers affecting women’s leadership development in Ethiopian higher education, focusing especially on how national and institutional policies and practices shape leadership opportunities.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How was the research conducted and what data were used?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"A phenomenological research design was used, with data generated from 12 women vice presidents and official documents drawn from different types and generations of universities.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What did the findings indicate about institutional and other barriers?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Although women’s leadership development shows improvement, many glass ceilings remain unbroken. 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Y. (2023). Barriers to women’s participation in and contribution to leadership in Ethiopian higher education. Education Policy Analysis Archives, 31(100) .  \n[https://doi.org/10.14507/epaa.31.7884](https://doi.org/10.14507/epaa.31.7884)  \nAbstract: Women are underrepresented in senior leadership positions across global higher education and there are different reasons for this. This study examines barriers to women’s leadership development in Ethiopian higher education, with particular attention to the role of national and institutional policies and practices. The study used a phenomenological research design to better understand barriers to women’s leadership development in higher education from the views and experiences of women leaders. Data were generated from 12 women vice presidents and official documents. The participants were drawn from each type and generation of universities that exist in Ethiopian higher education. The findings reveal that although there is an improvement in women’s leadership development in Ethiopian higher education, many glass ceilings remain unbroken. The result also reveals that institutional barriers are considered the greatest , as they also exacerbate sociocultural and personal barriers to women’s leadership development. Although ethnicity is one of the major challenges facing higher education institutions (HEIs) in Ethiopia, it is not identified as a barrier to women’s leadership development. The barriers to women’s leadership are multifaced and addressing these challenges requires a holistic approach and concerted efforts from major stakeholders, especially policymakers. Unless there is a systemic  \nresponse, women in higher education will continue to struggle in pursuing senior leadership positions.  \nKeywords: women faculty; barriers; higher education; leadership; Ethiopia  \nObstáculos a la participación y contribución de las mujeres al liderazgo en laeducación superior etíope  \nResumen: Las mujeres están subrepresentadas en puestos de liderazgo sénior en laeducación superior mundial y esto se debe a diferentes razones. Este estudio examina las barreras para el desarrollo del liderazgo de las mujeres en la educación superior etíope, conespecial atención al papel de las políticas y prácticas nacionales e institucionales. El estudio utilizó un diseño de investigación fenomenológico para comprender mejor las barreras para el desarrollo del liderazgo de las mujeres en la educación superior a partir de las opiniones y experiencias de las mujeres líderes. Los datos se generaron a partir de 12 mujeres vicepresidentas y documentos oficiales. Los participantes procedían de cada tipo ygeneración de universidades que existen en la educación superior etíope. Los resultadosrevelan que, aunque hay una mejora en el desarrollo del liderazgo de las mujeres en laeducación superior etíope, muchos techos de cristal siguen intactos. El resultado tambiénrevela que las barreras institucionales se consideran la mayor barrera, ya que tambiénexacerban las barreras socioculturales y personales para el desarrollo del liderazgo de las mujeres. Aunque el origen étnico es uno de los principales desafíos que enfrentan lasinstituciones de educación superior (IES) en Etiopía, no se identifica como una barrera para el desarrollo del liderazgo de las mujeres. Las barreras para el liderazgo de las mujeres son multifacéticas y abordar estos desafíos requiere un enfoque holístico y esfuerzos concertados de las principales partes interesadas, especialmente los encargados de formular políticas. Amenos que haya una respuesta sistémica de este","cbCaiihkLV83zK6x","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiihkLV83zK6x","pdf",365750,24,"English","# Abstract\n## Research design and data sources\n## Key findings on leadership barriers\n## Implications for policymakers","[{\"question\":\"What barriers to women’s leadership development are examined in the study?\",\"answer\":\"The study examines barriers affecting women’s leadership development in Ethiopian higher education, focusing especially on how national and institutional policies and practices shape leadership opportunities.\"},{\"question\":\"How was the research conducted and what data were used?\",\"answer\":\"A phenomenological research design was used, with data generated from 12 women vice presidents and official documents drawn from different types and generations of universities.\"},{\"question\":\"What did the findings indicate about institutional and other barriers?\",\"answer\":\"Although women’s leadership development shows improvement, many glass ceilings remain unbroken. Institutional barriers were considered the greatest and they also exacerbate sociocultural and personal barriers.\"}]","Barriers to Women’s Participation in and Contribution to Leadership in Ethiopian Higher Education | PDF",1792094232]