[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-seo-441719-105":3,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":81,"doc-detail-441719-en":131},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"ok",{"site_id":7,"language":8,"slug":9,"title":10,"keywords":11,"description":12,"schema_data":13,"social_meta":74,"head_meta":76,"extra_data":78,"updated_unix":80},105,"en","balancing-a-rape-victims-right-to-know-againsta-defendants-right-to-privacy-vol-25-no-3","BALANCING A RAPE VICTIMS RIGHT TO KNOW AGAINSTA DEFENDANT’S RIGHT TO PRIVACY - Vol. 25 - No. 3","","A legal and medical analysis examines the tension between rape victims’ right to know whether HIV exposure occurred and defendants’ constitutional right to privacy. It explains why rape victims face a dual trauma, and why AIDS/HIV is transmitted through infection. The text details key medical concepts, the limitations of “AIDS testing” (which detects HIV antibodies and may yield false negatives due to the window period), and the availability of alternative direct-detection methods. It sets up the constitutional balancing required by mandatory testing proposals.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/","Healthcare",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/balancing-a-rape-victims-right-to-know-againsta-defendants-right-to-privacy-vol-25-no-3/441719/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/balancing-a-rape-victims-right-to-know-againsta-defendants-right-to-privacy-vol-25-no-3/441719.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"OmBimo","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-03","2026-09-29",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",12,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"Why does the article describe rape victims as facing a dual trauma related to HIV/AIDS?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"It explains that rape victims suffer emotional and psychological harm as victims and also fear contracting AIDS due to the non-consensual nature of exposure.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"What does “AIDS testing” actually test for according to the article?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"The article states that there is no test for AIDS itself; the “AIDS test” is a test for HIV infection, typically via blood tests that detect HIV antibodies.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"Why can an HIV test sometimes produce a false negative result?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"Because antibodies may not be detectable immediately after exposure; testing during the “window period” can make the virus still undetectable, leading to a false negative.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},441719,1791438217,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",[84,88,92,96,101,106,110,115,120,123,127],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":85,"show_sort_weight":86,"slug":87},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":89,"show_sort_weight":90,"slug":91},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":93,"show_sort_weight":94,"slug":95},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":97,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":102,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":103,"show_sort_weight":104,"slug":105},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":107,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},7,40,"healthcare",{"id":111,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":112,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":114},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":116,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":117,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":119},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":118,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":121,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":122},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":124,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":125,"show_sort_weight":124,"slug":126},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":128,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":129,"show_sort_weight":97,"slug":130},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":132},{"doc_id":79,"user_id":133,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":107,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":116,"language":140,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},962090893581,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c","Vol.25,No.3  \n# BALANCING A RAPE VICTIMS RIGHT TO KNOW AGAINSTADEFENDANT’S RIGHT TO PRIVACY*\n\nIt began like so many epidemics,with a few iso-lated cases,a whisper that caught the ear of only afew in the medical research.Today,that whisperhas become a roar heard around the world.AIDSacquired immunodeficiency syndrome—is now theepidemic of our generation,invading our lives inways we never imagined—testing our scientificknowledge,probing our private values,and sap-ping our strength.AIDS no longer attracts ourattention—it commands it.CENTER FOR DISEASECONTROL AND PREVENTION,SURGEONGENERAL'S REP.TO THE AM.PUB.ON HIV IN-FECTION AND AIDS 1(1993).  \n## Introduction\n\nToday,with the presence of the AIDS virus,rape vic-tims do not only suffer the loss of dignities,they risk theloss of life.Rape victims face a dual trauma:the emo-tional,psychological effects of being a victim and theintense fear of contracting AIDS.Acquired ImmuneDeficiency Syndrome,AIDS,is a deadly andnondiscriminating disease which affects people of allraces and ethnic groups.As the AIDS epidemic nearsthe middle of its second decade,the number of reportedcases has reached over one-half million.Of thesecases,the percentage of new AIDS cases amongwomen has steadily increased from 7 percent in 1985to 25 percent in 1996.  \nBy contrast and comparison,rape has plagued oursociety for many centuries,with the number of reportedrape incidents estimated to be 683,000 per year.This isequivalent to one rape every 45 seconds.Rape not only  \nZURE  \nMarch 1998  \nby Allison Noelle Blender,Esq.**Cedar Grove,New Jersey  \ndesecrates the dignity of the individual at the time of theact,it also inflicts a penetrating wound that leaves be-hind a terminal,emotional scar.  \nAlthough there are no statistics on the number ofwomen who contract AIDS through rape,the danger isreal and the reason for fear is obvious.The violent andnon-consensual nature of rape sets it apart from otherforms of exposure to the AIDS virus.While other indi-viduals choose to engage in consensual sexual inter-course,needle sharing,or other high-risk behavior,theuninviting rape victim has no choice.Yet,the uninvitingrape victim is left with a genuine fear of having beenexposed to the virus.  \nThe threat of spreading AIDS,especially to innocentrape victims,has triggered a legislative response whichwould require the mandatory testing for AIDS of crimi-nal defendants at the request of victims of sexual assault.However,this seemingly virtuous response has given riseto legal challenges of constitutional dimension.Indeed,courts nationwide will be faced with the judicial task ofbalancing the concerns and fears of sexual assault vic-tims against the constitutional rights of sex offenders in amanner which upholds the spirit of the Fourth Amendment.  \n## Medical aspects\n\nAIDS and HIV  \nOne must be familiar with the underlying medicalcomplexities of AIDS in order to fully comprehendthe mandatory testing legislation and to realize its in-trinsic limitations.AIDS is caused by an infection bythe human immunodeficiency virus(HIV).Once in-fected with HIV,the virus attacks and destroys thebody's CD4 cells,which play an integral role in as-suring the proper functioning of the human immunesystem.Upon infection,the CD4 cells manufactureand replicate the virus;this replication eventuallycauses the cell itselfto die.Over time,the loss of thesevital CD4 cells and the chemical signals they produce  \nslowly destroy the ability of an individual to fight offordinary infections as well as deadly cancers.At thispoint,the individual develops the deadly AIDS virus.  \n## AIDS testing\n\nThe phrase “AIDS testing”is somewhat misleadingbecause presently there is no test for AIDS.Rather,the\"AIDS test\"is a test for the HIV infection.Since a rou-tine blood test will not detect the HIV infection,an indi-vidual must make a specific request to have his or herblood tested for HIV in order to determine whether theindividual is in fact infected.Enzyme-linkedimmunosorban","cbCaig5dQgh3lL1u","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaig5dQgh3lL1u","pdf",2842346,"English","# Introduction\n# Medical aspects\n## AIDS and HIV\n# AIDS testing","[{\"question\":\"Why does the article describe rape victims as facing a dual trauma related to HIV/AIDS?\",\"answer\":\"It explains that rape victims suffer emotional and psychological harm as victims and also fear contracting AIDS due to the non-consensual nature of exposure.\"},{\"question\":\"What does “AIDS testing” actually test for according to the article?\",\"answer\":\"The article states that there is no test for AIDS itself; the “AIDS test” is a test for HIV infection, typically via blood tests that detect HIV antibodies.\"},{\"question\":\"Why can an HIV test sometimes produce a false negative result?\",\"answer\":\"Because antibodies may not be detectable immediately after exposure; testing during the “window period” can make the virus still undetectable, leading to a false negative.\"}]","BALANCING A RAPE VICTIMS RIGHT TO KNOW AGAINSTA DEFENDANT’S RIGHT TO PRIVACY - Vol. 25 - No. 3 | PDF",1790697180,23]