[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-352037-105":59,"doc-detail-352037-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","bad-bugs-mean-business-gastric-cancer-is-an-intended-consequence-of-helicobacter-pylori-infection","Bad bugs mean business - gastric cancer is an intended consequence of Helicobacter pylori infection","","Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infects half the world and triggers chronic stomach inflammation that is often symptomless but can, in a small fraction of infected people, progress through tissue alterations to metaplasia and finally fatal gastric cancer. A prevailing view that Hp only initiates inflammation is challenged by epidemiological and molecular evidence showing Hp actively drives metaplasia and carcinogenesis. Successful antibiotic eradication prevents cancer development, and eradication after cancer can reduce recurrence. In rodent models, Hp infection accelerates carcinogenesis and increases dysplasia. These findings support studying host-pathogen interactions across the full cascade of Hp-driven disease to better combat gastric cancer.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/bad-bugs-mean-business-gastric-cancer-is-an-intended-consequence-of-helicobacter-pylori-infection/352037/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/bad-bugs-mean-business-gastric-cancer-is-an-intended-consequence-of-helicobacter-pylori-infection/352037.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"kopisore","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-28","2026-09-22",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":52},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"Why does Helicobacter pylori infection lead to gastric cancer in only some people?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Hp typically causes lifelong gastritis that is often asymptomatic, but in about 1%–2% of infected individuals, inflammation can drive a sequence of tissue changes leading to metaplasia and ultimately gastric cancer.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What evidence contradicts the idea that Hp is only needed to start inflammation?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Epidemiological and molecular studies indicate Hp actively promotes later cascade stages, with Hp detected during gastric cancer and antibiotic eradication preventing cancer development in metaplasia and reducing recurrence after cancer appears.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How does the Correa cascade relate to precursor lesions such as metaplasia and dysplasia?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The cascade describes progression from superficial gastritis to atrophy, then metaplasia and dysplasia. Atrophy, metaplasia, and dysplasia are considered precursor lesions, with dysplasia most strongly associated with gastric cancer development.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},352037,1790376459,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":52,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},962090880963,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_6f874abed73319feea01a86fa6f0fab8","| Host-Microbial Interactions | Minireview  \nBad bugs mean business: gastric cancer is an intended consequence of Helicobacter pylori infection  \nValerie P. O'Brien1  \nAUTHOR AFFILIATION See affiliation list on p. 13.  \nABSTRACT The bacterium Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infects half the world and causes stomach inflammation. Most infections are asymptomatic, but in 1%–2% of infected individuals, inflammation can lead to a cascade of tissue changes that culminates in the development of metaplasia (pre-cancer) and finally gastric cancer, a highly fatal disease. It has been posited that Hp’s role in the process is merely to initiate inflammation, and once the later stages of disease develop, Hp becomes dispensable. However, epidemiological and molecular studies support a different paradigm: that in at least some individuals, Hp actively drives metaplasia and carcinogenesis. Molecular profiling shows that Hp is prevalent during gastric cancer. In individuals with metaplasia, successful antibiotic eradication of Hp prevents the development of gastric cancer; antibiotic eradication after cancer appears can even significantly reduce the likelihood of tumor recurrence. In rodent models of gastric cancer, Hp infection accelerates carcinogenesis, and in a metaplasia model, Hp infection alters the metaplastic lineages present and causes increased dysplasia (abnormal cells) . Taken together, these data point to an active role for Hp infection in driving gastric cancer development, at least in some individuals. Therefore, studies investigating host-pathogen interactions in the context of Hp-driven carcinogenesis should encompass the entire spectrum of disease development, not just the establishment of gastric infection and initiation of inflammation. Understanding the complete picture of Hp-driven disease will enable us to tackle this highly fatal cancer.  \nKEYWORDS Helicobacter pylori, gastric cancer, metaplasia, pathogen-associated malignancy  \nHELICOBACTER PYLORI: A BACTERIAL CARCINOGEN  \nT here were almost one million new gastric (stomach) cancer cases and more than  \n660,000 new deaths from the disease worldwide in 2022 (1), with tens of thousands occurring in the United States (2) . Globally, about 80% of gastric cancer cases are attributable to infection with Helicobacter pylori (Hp) (3), a bacterium that colonizesthe stomach of half of the world’s population (4) . Hp infection typically occurs during childhood, is usually lifelong, and always causes inflammation of the stomach lining (gastritis) . Gastritis is usually asymptomatic and does not lead to serious sequelae. However, Hp infection leads to peptic or duodenal ulcers in 10%–20% of individuals, gastric cancer in 1%–2% of individuals, and mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma in \u003C1% of individuals (5, 6) .  \nPathologist Pelayo Correa’s work helped define the histological changes that precede gastric cancer development (7)—the so-called “Correa cascade” (Fig. 1) . Inflammation in the stomach initially manifests as superficial gastritis, which in some individuals can progress to gastric atrophy, the loss of appropriate glands in the gastric epithelium (8) . Two phenotypes of atrophy can occur: non-metaplastic atrophy and metaplastic atrophy. Non-metaplastic atrophy is the shrinking or vanishing of gastric glands coupled with the expansion of the glandular lamina propria. Metaplastic atrophy is the replacement  \nEditor Anthony R. Richardson, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA  \nAddress correspondence to Valerie P. O'Brien,  \nFIG 1 Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection promotes gastric cancer development. The so-called Correa cascade of gastric cancer development is shown. Hp is well established as the trigger of gastric inflammation (gastritis) . However, evidence from epidemiological studies of disease progression in antibiotic-treated human subjects, molecular analyses of Hp stomach colonization during gastric cancer, and mechanistic studies in rode","cbCaijQu8o2tVElo","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaijQu8o2tVElo","pdf",3927022,17,"English","# Host-Microbial Interactions\n## Bad bugs mean business: gastric cancer is an intended consequence of Helicobacter pylori infection\n## Helicobacter pylori: a bacterial carcinogen\n## Correa cascade and precursor lesions","[{\"question\":\"Why does Helicobacter pylori infection lead to gastric cancer in only some people?\",\"answer\":\"Hp typically causes lifelong gastritis that is often asymptomatic, but in about 1%–2% of infected individuals, inflammation can drive a sequence of tissue changes leading to metaplasia and ultimately gastric cancer.\"},{\"question\":\"What evidence contradicts the idea that Hp is only needed to start inflammation?\",\"answer\":\"Epidemiological and molecular studies indicate Hp actively promotes later cascade stages, with Hp detected during gastric cancer and antibiotic eradication preventing cancer development in metaplasia and reducing recurrence after cancer appears.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the Correa cascade relate to precursor lesions such as metaplasia and dysplasia?\",\"answer\":\"The cascade describes progression from superficial gastritis to atrophy, then metaplasia and dysplasia. Atrophy, metaplasia, and dysplasia are considered precursor lesions, with dysplasia most strongly associated with gastric cancer development.\"}]","Bad bugs mean business - gastric cancer is an intended consequence of Helicobacter pylori infection | PDF",1790097313,43]